FUNGI CONTINUED: CLASSIFICATION. 219 



4. SUBCLASS EUEASIDIOMTCETES. 



460. Order Dacryomycetales (Dacryomyeetineae). — This order includes 

 certain fungi of a gelatinous or waxy consistency, usually of bright colors. 

 They resemble the Tremellales, but the basidia are slender and fork into 

 two long sterigmata. (Example, Dacryomyces.) Gyrocephalus rufus is 

 quite a large plant, 10-15 ^'^^- ^'g^j growing on the ground in w^oods. 



461. Order Exobasidiales (Exobasidiineee). — The fungus causing azalea 

 apples is an example (Exobasidium). 



462. Order Hymeniales (Hymenomycetinese). — In this order the basidia 

 are usualh' club-shaped and undiWded, and bear usually four spores on 

 the end (sometimes two or six). There are several families. 



463. Family Thelephoraceae. — The fruit bodies are more or less mem- 

 branous and spread over wood or the ground, or somewhat leaflike, grow- 

 ing on wood or the ground. The fruiting surface is nearly or quite even, 

 and occupies the under side of the leaflike bodies (Stereum, Thelephora) 

 or the outside of the forms spread out on wood (Corticium, Coniophora). 



464. Family Clavariaceae. — This order includes the fairy clubs, and some 

 of the coral fungi. The larger number of species are in one genus (Clava- 

 ria, fig. 248). 



465. Family Hydnaceae. — The fungi of this order are known as ''hedge- 

 hog" fungi, because of the numerous awl-like teeth or spines over which 

 the fruiting surface is spread, as in Hydnum (figs. 246, 247). 



466. Family Polyporaceae. — The tube-bearing fungi (Polyporus, Bole- 

 tus, etc., fig. 245). 



467. Family Agaricaceae. — The gill-bearing fungi (Agaricus, .\inanita, 

 etc., see Chapter XXI). 



The above five orders, according to the earlier classification (stiU used at 

 the present time by some), made up the order Hymenomycetes, while the 

 following five orders made up the Gasteiomycetes. The Hymenomycetes, 

 according to this system, included those plants in which the fruiting portion 

 (hymenium) is either exposed from the first, or if covered by a veil or volva 

 (as in Agaricus, Amanita, etc.) this rujjtures and exposes the fruiting sur- 

 face before, or at the time of, the ripening of the spores, while the Gaster- 

 om\'cetes included those in which the fruit body is closed until after the 

 maturity of the spores. 



468. Order Phallales (Phallinese). — The "stink-horn" fungi, or "buz- 

 zard's nose." Usually foul-smelhng fungi, the fruiting portion borne aloft 

 on a stout stalk, and dissolving (Dictyophora, Ithyphallus, etc.). 



469. Order Hymenogastrales (Hymenogastrineae). — The basidia form a 

 distinct hymenium on walls of chambers, which do or do not break down 

 at maturity, but there are no sterile threads forming a capillitium. Some 

 of the plants resemble Boletus or ,\garicus in the way the fruit bodies open 

 (Secotium, etc.) , while others open irregularly on the surface (Rhizopogon) or 



