FOLIOSE LIVERWORTS. 



237 



There is so much moisture in these little pockets of the under 

 side of the leaf that minute animals ha\'e found them good places 

 to live in, and one frequently discovers them in this retreat. 

 There is here also a third row of poorly developed leaves on the 

 under side of the stem. 



498. Porella. — Growing in similar situations is the |il;iMt known as 

 porella. Sometimes there are a few plants 



in a group, and at otlier time^ 1 ir^^e mats f^i- f i\ ^^ \^'\. 



occur on the bark of a trunk. This pi 

 porella, also has closely overlappnig leaves 

 in rows on opposite sides of the stem ml 

 the lower margin of each leai is euned 

 under somewhat as 

 in frullania, though 

 the pocket is not so 

 well formed. 



The larger plants 

 are female, that is 

 they bear archego- 

 nia, while the male 

 plants, those which 

 bear antiieridia, are 

 smaller and the an- 

 theridia are borne 

 on small lateral 

 branches. The an- 

 theridia are borne 

 in the axils of the 

 leaves. Others of 

 the leafy-stemmed 

 liverworts live in 

 damp situations. 

 Some of these, as 

 Cephalozia, grow on damp rotten logs. Cephalozia is much more delicate, 

 and the leaves are farther apart. It could not li\-e in such dry situations 

 where the frullania is sometimes found. If possible the two plants should be 

 compared in order to see the adaptation in the structure :ind form to their 

 environment. 



499. Sporogonium of a foliose liverwort. — The sporogonium 

 of the leafy-stemmed liverworts is well represented b\- that of 

 several genera. We may take for this study the one illustrated 



rig. 270. 



Thallus of a tlialluid liverwort (blasia) showing lobed 

 margin of tin- frond, intermediate between tliailoidand 

 foliose plant 



