FOLIO SE LIVERWORTS. 



239 



to the gametophyte, and thus is dependent on it for sustenance. 

 'I'his is true of all the plants of this 

 group. I'he sporopbyte never becomes 

 capable of an independent existence, 

 and yet we see that it is becoming 

 larger and more highly differentiated 

 than in the simple riccia. 



Fig. 274- 



Fig. 27s. 



Opening capsule 

 showing escape ol 

 spores and elaters. 



Fig. 276. 



Capsule parted down 

 to the stalk. 



Fig. 277. 



Fig. 27S. 



Fruiting plant of a foliose liver- 

 wort (jungermannia). Leafy part . 1 (, t • .u , 

 is the gametophyte ; stalk and cap- Four spores from Elaters, at left showmg the two 

 suleisthesporophyte(sporogonium mother cell held in spiral marks, at nght a branched 

 in the bryophytes), a group. elater. 



Figs. 275-278.— Sporogonium of hverwort (jungermannia) opening by splitting into four 



parts, showing details of elaters and spores. 



