366 



RELATlOh^ TO ENVinoNMENT. 



but the large, wide-spreading 



C\liinlric,il Sinn mI mnllcMii. 



two types: (i) tlie liranelics -d: 



ea"\'es at the top of the stem give 

 tlie plant an}'thing Ijut a cylin- 

 drical habit. Some cedars and 

 ar]jor-\-it;i? are also columnar. 



The advantages of the colum- 

 nar habjit of stem are three: (i) 

 That the pjlant stands above 

 other neighboring ones of equal 

 foliage area and thus is enabled 

 to obtain a more fa\-orable light 

 relation; (2) where large num- 

 bers of plants of the same species 

 are growing close together, they 

 can maintain practically the 

 same habit as where growing 

 alone; (3) the advantage gained 

 b\- other t"\'pes in their neighbor- 

 hood in less shading than if the 

 t\-pc were spreading. The cvl- 

 indrical ty])e can, therefore, grow 

 lietwcen other t\pes with !e~= 

 cnmpetition for existence. 



716. The cone type.— This is 

 well exampled in the larches, 

 spruces, the gingko tree, some 

 (if the pines, ledars, and other 

 g\nniosperms. In the cone t\'pe, 

 the main axis extends through 

 the s\'steni of branches like a 

 (all shaft, i.e., (he trunk is cxciir- 

 icul. The lower branches are 

 wide-spreading, and the branches 

 lieconie siiccessi\cl\' shorter, 

 usualb" uniformlw as one ascends 

 llu' >lcni. The branching is of 

 e in hilse whorls; {1) the branches 



