670 LXX. UMBELLiFEEiE. (C. B. Clarke.) lEryngmnK 



has been referred to E. dichotomvm, Desf. which has the radical leaves ohlong entire 

 not spinulose and altogether differs. It is certainly Boissier's plant referred by hint 

 to Biebersteins. 



2. E. Sillardierl, Delaroche Eryng. 26, t. 2 ; radical leaves long-petioled 

 3-partite segments 3-fid or pinnatifid spinous-toothed, cauline sessile paJmately 

 3-6-partite. DC. Prodr. iv. 88 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, ii. 825. B. Kotschyi, Joiss. 

 Diagn. ser. 2, v. 97. E. cserulescens, Jacquem. Jorum. • 



Kashmie, alt. 5000-6000 ft. ; Jaequemont, Falconer, &e. Lasax ; T. Thomaotii 

 SoiNDE ; Stocks. — ^DiSTBTB. Western Asia. 



Stem 6-18 in., erect or branching from the base, corymbose often bluish above. 

 Badical leaves 2-4 in. diam., often hastate ; petiole 2—4 in. ; lower cauline sometimes 

 similar but short-petioled. Bracts 5-7, 1 in., linear, with few or spines on th& 

 margins; short spines alternate with and somewhat exterior to the bracts; brac- 

 teoles linear, spinulose, simple, exceeding the flowers. Cdlyx-tiibe with lanceolate 

 scales, teeth lanceolate-subulate spinescent. Fruit ^ in. — "HhB Indian examples are 

 all smaller with smaller heads than the type-specimens of E. BUlardieri and are per- 

 haps Var. meiocephalvmi, Boiss. 1. c. The bracts are frequently without spines, but 

 the radical leaves are not narrowly dissected enough for E. Heldreichii, Boiss. I. c. 

 826. The radical leaves eaxlj disappear, it is then much like E. asruleum but can 

 generally be distinguished by its much less strict stem and dissected lower cauline 

 leaves. 



3. SANXCVIiA, Linn. 



Erect herbs. Leaves pahnately 3-5-partite, segments toothed lobed or dis- 

 sected. Umbels irregularly compound, rays few ; bracts sessile, leaf-like j 

 uml)ellules usually small with small bracteoles. Flowers mostly unisexual. 

 C(dyx-tu,be villous, subechinate ; teeth herbaceous. Petals white, emarginate, 

 slightly imbricate. Fruit ecbinate, ovoid or slightly compressed laterally, com- 

 missure broad, carpophore 0; carpels ^-terete or subterete, plane on the inner 

 face, ridges all obscure, lateral primary commissural ; vittse small, solitary in 

 each primary ridge, with some very slender scattered in the endocarp. Seed 

 nearly terete. — ^Dibikib. Species 10, 1 only in the Old "World. 



1. S. europaea, lAnn.; DC. Prod/i: iv. 84; leaves glabrous mucronate- 

 serrate, bracteoles linear shorter than the fruits, perfect flowers sessile male 

 usually pedicelled. Boiss. Fl. Oriprtt. ii. 832 ; Kwz in Jo/am. As. Soc. 1877, 

 pt. ii. 114. S. elata. Ham. ; Don Prodr. 183 ; Wall. Cat. 559 ; DC. I. c. 85 ; 

 W. ^ A. Prodr. 367 ; Wight. El. t. 117, fig. 2 ; Wight Ic. tt. 334, 1004. S. 

 javanica, Blume Bijd. 882 ; DC. I.e. 85. S. montana, Reinw. ; DC. I. c. 85. S. 

 hermaphrodita, Sam:. ; Don Prodr. 183. 



Himaiata; from Kashmir to Bhotan ; eilt. 4000-12,000 ft.; common. Khasia 

 Mts., alt. 3000-5500 ft. ; common. Bdbma. Mts. of Maiabak and Ceylon. — Dis- 

 TBiB. Europe, Asia, Africa. 



Height 1-3 ft. Eadical leaves 2-6 in. diam., persistent; petiole 1-6 in. Umbel 

 2-3 to 18 in. diam. ; rays divaricate, repeatedly 2-3-chotomous. UmbeUvies few- 

 flowered; male pedicels often J in. Calyx-teeth lanceolate. F^uit i in., densely 

 covered with hooked bristles, sUghtly compressed laterally. 



4. VIC ATX A, DC. 



Perennial herbs, glabrous. Leaves pinnately compound, ultimate segments 

 narrow. Umbels compound ; bracts 1 linear, small, or ; bracteoles several, 

 linear. Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, white pink' or 



