EXOGENOUS SERIES— BROADLEAF WOODS. 19 



Red Oak. Quercus rubra Linn. 



Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) 



Red Oak (local and common name). 



Black Oak (Vt., Conn., N. Y., Wis., la., Neb., So. Dak., 



Ont.). 

 Spanish Oak (Pa., N. C). 



Locality. 



East of Rocky Mountains, Nova Scotia to Georgia, westward 

 intermittently to Nebraska and Kansas, best in Massachusetts. 

 Features of Tree. 



Ninety to one hundred feet in height. Three to six feet and 

 over in diameter, brownish-gray bark, smooth on branches. 

 Leaves have sharp-pointed lobes, very large acorns in flat 

 shallow cups. A fine complete tree. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood light brown or red, sapwood darker, coarse-grained, 

 well-marked annual rings, medullary rays few but broad. 

 Structural Qualities of wood. 



Heavy, hard, strong, inclined to check in drying, acid, inferior 

 to white oak. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Works of secondary importance, clapboards, cooperage, fuel. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 

 45 (U. S. Forestry Div.).* 

 40. 



Modulus of Elasticity. 



1,970,000 (average of 57 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).* 

 1,600,000. 



Modulus of Rupture. 



11,400 (average of 57 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).* 

 140,000. 



Remarks. 



Grows more rapidly than other oaks. Bark used in tanning. 



* See page 6. 



