3° THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF IVOOD. 



Ppd l^i.h \ Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. 



\ Fraxinus pubescens Lam. 



Nomenclature. (Sudworth.) 



Red Ash (local and common Brown Ash (Mo.), 



name). Black Ash (N. J.). 



River Ash (R. I., Ont.). Ash (Nebr.). 



Locality. 



New Brunswick to Florida, westward intermittently to Dakota 

 and Alabama. Best developed in North Atlantic States. 



Features of Tree. 



A small tree, rarely over forty-five feet high, one and one-half 

 feet in diameter. Downy-covered young twigs and leaves. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood rich brown, sapwood light brown streaked with 

 yellow, coarse-grained compact structure. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 

 Heavy, hard, strong, brittle. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Agricultural implements, handles, boats, oars, paper-pulp. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 



38. 

 Modulus of Elasticity. 



1, 154,000. 

 Modulus of Rupture. 



12,300. 



Remarks. 



Grows on borders of streams and swamps in low ground. Often 

 confused with and substituted for the more valuable white ash. 

 Pubescens is in allusion to the downy covering of the new 

 twigs (those of white ash usually smooth). Pennsylvanica 

 refers to locality in which it is well developed. 



