EXOGENOUS SERIES— BROADLEAF IVOODS. 31 



Blue Ash. Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. 



Nomenclature. (Sudworth. ) 



Blue Ash (Mich., 111., Ky., Mo., Ala.). 



Locality. 



Central States, Mississippi Valley, Michigan, and southward, 

 cultivated in Pennsylvania. Best in low Wabash Valley. 



Features of Tree. 



Fifty to seventy-five feet in height, occasionally higher, one to 

 two feet in diameter. Slender. Blue properties in inner 

 bark, smooth square twigs. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood light yellow, streaked with brown, sapwood lighter, 

 close-grained, compact structure satiny. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Hard, heavy, brittle, not strong, most durable of ash woods. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Largely used in floorings, carriage-building, pitchfork- and 

 other tool-handles. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 



44. 

 Modulus of Elasticity. 



1, 100,000. 

 Modulus of Rupture. 



11,500. 



Remarks. 



Has no superior among ash woods. Blue Ash pitchfork-handles 

 are very fine. Prefers limestone formations. Inner bark 

 colors water blue, whence name. 



