TABLE OF CONTENTS. vu 



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a. Chestnut (Castanea dentata) 58 



b. Chinquapin (Castanea pumila) 59 



Beech, Ironwood (Fagus) (Carpinus, Ostrya, etc.). 

 Section 11. Distribution. Early Uses of Beech. Structural and Physical Prop- 

 erties of Woods. Uses. Enumeration of Species Affording " Ironwood." 60 



a. Beech (Fagus atropunicea) 62 



i. Ironwood, Blue Beech (Carpinus caroliniana) 63 



t. Ironwood, Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana) 64 



Sycamore (Platanus). 

 Section 12. Confusion of Names. Historical, Structural and Physical Prop- 

 erties of Wood. Uses. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc 65 



a. Sycamore, Buttonball (Platanus occidentalis) 66 



b. California Sycamore (Platanus racemosa) 67 



Birch (Betula). 

 Section 13. Distribution. History and Uses of Bark. Structural and 

 Physical Properties of Wood. Uses of Wood. Commercial Divisions of 



Wood. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc 68 



u. White Birch (Betula populifolia) 70 



b. Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera) 71 



i. Red Birch (Betula nigra) 72 



d. Yellow Birch (Betula lutea) 73 



c. Sweet, Cherry Birch (Betula lenta) 74 



Locust; Mesquite (Robinia, Gleditsia, Prosopis). 

 Section 14. Confusion of Names. Structural and Physical Properties of 

 Wood. Uses. Structural Value of Black Locust. Durability and 



Peculiarities of Mesquite. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc 75 



a. Black Locust, Yellow Locust (Robinia pseudacacia) 77 



b. Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) 78 



c. Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) 7g 



Whitewood or Tulip-tree Wood; Poplar or Cottonwood; Cucumber- 

 tree Wood; Basswood (Liriodendron), (Populus), (Magnolia), (Tilia). 



Section 15. Structural Relations. Peculiarities and Uses of Wood. Con- 

 fusion of Names. Botanical Characteristics of Trees, etc 80 



a. Whitewood, Tulip-tree or Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera). 82 



b. Poplar, Large Tooth Aspen (Populus grandidentata 83 



<.. Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) ; 84 



d. Black Cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) 85 



e. Cucumber-tree (Magnolia acuminata) 86 



f. Basswood, Linden (Tilia americana) 87 



Willow (Salix). 



Section 16. Distribution. Historical. Properties and Uses of Wood. Bo- 

 tanical Characteristics of Trees, etc gg 



u. Black Willow (Salix nigra) , gn 



