EXOGENOUS SERIES— NEEDLELEAF WOODS. 159 



White Fir, Balsam Fir. 'Abies concolor Parry. 



Nomenclature. (Sudworth). 



Silver Fir, Balsam (Cal.). White Balsam (Utah). 



California White Fir (Cal.). Balsam Tree (Idaho). 



Black Gum, Bastard Pine Colorado White Fir, Concolor 



(Utah). White Fir. 

 Locality. 



Rocky Mountains and coast ranges, high elevations. 



Featuies of Tree. 



Seventy to one hundred and fifty feet in height, three to five 

 feet in diameter. Pale green or silvery foliage. Bark blisters 

 filled with clear pitch. 



Color, Appearance, or Grain of Wood. 



Heartwood light brown to nearly white, sapwood same or 

 darker. Coarse-grained, compact structure. 



Structural Qualities of Wood. 



Light, soft, not strong, without odor. 



Representative Uses of Wood. 



Butter-tubs, packing-boxes, lumber. 



Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot. 



22. 

 Modulus of Elasticity. 



1,290,000. 

 Modulus of Rupture. 



9900. 



Remarks. 



Not always distinguished from the species Abies grandis. 



