TEXT BOOK OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 
much larger scales, from 1’’ = 8’ to 1” = 1’, or the details may be 
drawn 1, 2, 3 or 4 inches on the plan representing one foot on the 
object, or the plan may even be full size. 
A detailed statement of the scale should always be given on a 
plan. It is usually stated thus —1” = 20’ or “Scale one inch 
equals twenty feet.” 
“Graphic scales’’ are often used. When this is done a straight 
line is ruled, usually near the title, and divided into lengths equal to 
one, five, ten, etc. feet at the scale at which the plan is drawn, ex- 
actly as the scale of miles is shown on a geographical map. A 
graphic scale is nearly always to be preferred to a numerical scale, 
for the following reasons: First the graphic scale makes it possible 
to take off distances on the edge of a card or paper and measure 
them on the plan when no other scale is at hand. Second, if the 
plan shrinks with age, or if it is photographed down to a smaller 
size for use as an illustration in a book, or for other uses, the graphic 
scale always holds good, while a statement that one inch represents 
a definite number of feet would then be incorrect. 
Methods of Working 
In drawing plans to standard scales, or in reading distances on 
plans so drawn, the worker should always use a scale made of paper, 
wood, celluloid or metal. These scales are made in several different 
patterns and are graduated in the various systems and scales re- 
quired. The simplest and most useful scale for the student of 
landscape gardening is the triangular engineer’s scale, one foot 
long, shown in Figure 10. These scales are usually divided to read 
10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 parts (or feet) per inch. 
Fie. 10. Arcuirect’s ScaLE 
The student will inevitably find many plans which do not corre- 
spond to any standard scales. Most of the drawings in this book, 
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