CEMETERY IMPROVEMENT 
be planted thick-growing shrubs such as Sumachs, Beach plums, Bay berries 
and Viburnum dentatum. 
After this wind-break has become established, that is after a period of 
10 to 20 years, its composi- 
tion may be substantially 
improved by the gradual 
substitution of better spe- 
cies. Such kinds as Euro- 
pean linden, some pines, 
possibly spruces, Red Oak, 
Carolina Poplar, Lombardy 
Poplar, Elms, Norway 
Maple, which could not be 
grown on the open hills, 
may be brought in under 
the protection of the hard- 
ier Silver Poplars, Willows 
and Locusts. 
The second funda- 
mental requirement for 
the Old Cemetery is some 
effective ground cover. It 
will never do to leave the 
dry sand exposed. At the 
outset this ground cover 
must be composed of any 
species whatever which will 
condescend to grow here. 
The best of these are the 
Huckleberry, the Bay 
berry, the Beach Plum and 
the wild Roses; but any 
others which volunteer 
their services must not be 
despised. Even the un- 
pleasant Beach grass should 
be retained until something 
else will take its place. 
ss Wis Feit nae 
Fig. 111. An Ancient Caurcn-yarD CEMETERY 
Some sort of ground cover once established, its composition can be 
gradually improved, as in the case of the bordering wind-break, by the sub- 
stitution of better species for the coarser and less agreeable. But some 
227 
