TEXTBOOK OF LANDSCAPE GARDENING 
permanent cover of living material is absolutely essential to any further 
progress. 
The suggestion made by one of your members to use the wild cranberry 
(“bog cranberry”’) upon the open spaces strikes me as very promising. Prob- 
ably experiment would discover practicable means of transplanting and es- 
tablishing this species in quantities. 
In this connection it seems best to advise you regarding two methods 
of great importance in handling all kinds of trees and shrubs, especially under 
your very difficult conditions. The first of these relates to the preparation 
of the soil, the second to the development of plants which will live when 
transplanted. 
In general you will find it advantageous to dig the soil up quite thor- 
oughly before planting. It is good practice to do this digging in the fall 
where trees or shrubs are to be planted in the spring. If a dressing of barn- 
yard manure, or of sea-weed, fish waste or similar material can be put on in 
the fall this will be an additional and important advantage. 
After trees and shrubs are planted, especially during the first year, 
it is quite important that they be cultivated several times with a heavy hoe. 
This will keep the soil in good condition, will keep down weeds, and will 
greatly assist the young plants through their most critical period. 
All trees and shrubs can be transplanted much more successfully from 
cultivated soil than from the open fields where they are growing wild. This 
difference becomes vital when conditions are as contrary as upon the soil 
of the Old Cemetery. I would urgently recommend therefore that you es- 
tablish a small nursery upon some piece of good garden land which you may 
be able to secure for a time, and that you stock this nursery with small plants 
of such trees and shrubs as you are likely to require. These small plants 
may be secured from the fields and should be taken in large quantities in 
order to allow for a considerable percentage of loss. In the nursery they 
should be kept hoed and cultivated, but need not be irrigated. After one or 
two years in the nursery they may be transplanted to their permanent po- 
sitions with comparative certainty of their growing. 
The incidental suggestions with respect to walks, steps, etc., made 
during our mutual discussion hardly need to be reported here. 
If I can be of any further service to you in any connection, I trust you 
will command me. 
I am 
Very respectfully yours, 
FRANK A. Wauau, 
Landscape Gardener. 
228 
