SAOBEOOD. , 8 



It will be noted that Jones also recognized that there was a disease 

 that resembled somewhat the genuiae foul brood, but was different 

 from it, and that it was also different from chilled,^ starved, or 

 neglected brood. Most likely the disorder referred to in his article 

 was sacbrood. 



Simmins (1887), writing from Eottingdean, England, points out 

 the difference between "deadbrood' ' and foulbrood: 



That foul brood is often confused with simple dead brood I am well aware. * * * 

 But that every bee keeper may decide for himself without the aid of a microscope, 

 which is the genuine foulbrood and which is not, I will show how I have always been 

 able to detect the difference. With simple deadbrood, while some may appear like 

 the foul disease, much of the older brood dries up to a white dnder, in many, cases 

 retaining its original form, which I have never found to occur when genuine foul- 

 brood is present. Chilled brood can be distinguished from the more serious malady 

 in like manner. 



In addition to emphasizing the difference between "deadbrood" 

 and "foulbrood," Simmins says that these two diseases are in turn to 

 be differentiated from chiUed brood. He adds the additional fact 

 also that Cheshire had examined this "deadbrood" and failed to find 

 any microscopic evidence of disease. 



Cook (1904), under the heading "New Bee Disease," writes as 

 follows: 



In California and some other sections the brood dies without losing its form. We 

 use the pin-head, and we draw forth a larva much discolored, often black, but not at 

 all like the salvy mass that we see in foulbrood. 



From his description, and from the fact that the disease is quite 

 prevalent in California, it is very probable that the disorder men- 

 tioned by Cook is sacbrood. 



A study of this " dead brood" recognized by the beekeepers as being 

 different from foulbrood was begun by the writer in New York State 

 in 1902, imder the direction of Dr. V. A. Moore. In a brief report 

 on the work (1904) the following is found: 



The beekeepers are sustaining a loss from a diseased condition in their apiaries 

 which they are diagnosing as "pickled brood." The larvae usually die late in the 

 larval stage. The most of them are found on end in the cell, the head frequently 

 blackened and the body of a watery grantilar consistency. * * * 



The results of the examinations showed that Aspergillus pollinis was not found. 

 Further investigations must be made before any conclusion can be drawn as to the 

 real cause of this trouble. 



It will be observed from this quotation that the so-called pickled 

 brood did not conform to the description of pickled brood and could 

 not therefore be the condition which had called forth the description 

 of and the name, "pickled brood" (see p. 4). 



Burri (1906), of Switzerland, writes: 



Dead brood, said to have been black brood, I have occasionally met with in my 

 investigations. It occurred in the older larvae, and showed a gray to blackish colora- 



