THE DRIVES. 343 



pups slide like the rest. No dead ones are to be seen. The pups about here are in 

 lively pods. They are probably all born by this time, though one placenta is noticed 

 which is apparently fresh. 



Two sea lions are on the point now. Both are apparently bulls and fast asleep. 

 The seals lie close by without paying any attention to them. Sea-lion excrement is 

 abundant and chalky in color, like a mixture of plaster and water ; this appearance 

 probably due to the undigested shells of crabs. 



The hind flipper of the seal often rests on the fore. It has separate toes connected 

 by a membrane. The eye of the seal is one-third the length of muzzle, not far! behind 

 the cleft of the mouth. The mustache is twice as long as the muzzle. 



Ten "harbor" seals (Phoca vitulina) of mottled white, with some young ones of 

 darker color among them, lie on Gorbatch Point. As I look at them they take to the 

 water. Their senses seem much more acute than those of the fur seals, and they drop 

 off into the water and melt away like snowflakes when one looks at them. 



THE LENGTH OF THE DRIVES. 



The drive from Polovina to Stony Point, described by Stejneger and True last 

 year, is the last long drive which has been made. The killings at Polovina are now 

 made on the margin of a pond about one-fourth of a mile away from the hauling 

 ground; those at Zapadni, near Lake Anton; those at Tolstoi, near Ice House Lake. 

 At the Northeast Point killings are made at two places, one on the east side of Webster 

 Lake, the other on the west side near Cross Hill. Seals from the Eeef, Zoltoi, Kitovi, 

 and Lukanin are killed on the village ground between Zoltoi and Bast Landing. The 

 drive from the tip of the Eeef is about a mile long, the longest on St. Paul Island; 

 that from Lukanin three-fourths of a mile; Kitovi less; Zoltoi one-fourth of a mile. 

 The drive from Staraya Artel on St. George is longer, over 2 miles, but it is over level 

 ground, with ponds at intervals in which the animals can cool off. The hardest piece of 

 driveway on St. Paul is that crossing Zoltoi Sands from the Eeef. This is due to the 

 softness of the sands. The rocks offer little difficulty to the movements of the seals, 

 and the grassy stretches, which are easy going for them, make up the greater part of 

 the driveways. No drives are made from the scanty hauling grounds of Lagoon 

 rookery, or from Sivutch Eock, or from beyond Zapadni Point. 



LUKANIN. 



Two little dead pups were seen on Lukanin, evidently crushed to death. 

 Nine-tenths of the dead pups seen thus far have had the umbilical cord attached. 

 They have been crushed soon after birth. Other instances of death, resulting from 

 wandering among the bachelors and from drowning, have been rare up to date. 



A single cow is located today with a bull at the southern end of Kitovi, where 

 the lone and apparently starving pup was picked up two or three days ago by Mr. 

 Clark. The pup was, at that time, carried to the nearest harem, in hope that it might 

 And its way back to its mother. The mother has apparently found it and brought it 

 back to the original place, for it looks like the same pup. The cow was first seen with 

 her pup on shore alone. They were lying close to the water's edge. On the approach 

 of Dr. Jordan the cow fled to the sea. He carried the pup back above reach of the surf. 

 Before she came back the pup was found alone and supposed to be lost. It was 

 carried some rods away to the nearest Kitovi harem. The mother has brought it 



