ZAPADNI KOOKEEY OF ST. PAUL. 361 



There are not many virgin cows along the water front of Zapadni, but there are 

 lots of wet cows. One wet cow, without doubt a virgin, is in Charge of a wet water 

 bull. The water is thick with swimming cows. There are 3 harems around Zapadni 

 Point not seen by us before, containing 50 cows. Near them is a dead bull. 



Zapadni Point or headland is made up of columns of lava, apparently not changed 

 since they first cooled. We climb the west side of the cliff, 100 feet high, by the path 

 the seals go ui) and down — no easy climb, and one impossible to any but a strong man. 



Two cows and one pup lie dead together and rotting on western end of Zapadni 

 in the last harem. Two other pups are found crushed on the rocks. There are too 

 many bulls. A bull at the end of the rookery has 6 or 8 virgins waiting. 



EXCREMENT. 



Passing along the west side of Zapadni on foot yellowish excrement is seen on 

 the hauling grounds; three instances of brown cylindrical excrement; still another ot 

 gray mash; another of translucent liquid excrement; two more of yellowish brown. 

 All these are found within a distance of 6 rods. Idle bulls are seen with much soft 

 excrement about them. Similar observations could be made anywhere, showing the 

 falsity of the contention of the British commission of 1892, that no excrement is 

 found on the rookeries or hauling grounds in August. It is abundant everywhere for 

 the whole season. 



A virgin is seen in charge of an old bull. No virgins are seen in the large harems 

 near the sea. I see none iu the rear of the middle portion of the rookery. Several 

 virgins are in a harem behind the next cross. 



Zapadni rookery has shrunk greatly, in one case 200 feet from one of Townsend's 

 crosses, marked on a stone covered with green moss. This cross is near the middle of 

 the length of the rookery. A bull stands on his hind feet on a pinnacle qf rocks on 

 which another cross is painted, looking over the top he looks exactly like a tall man 

 in a fur coat stretched up at full length. 



Pups by the thousands are lying on the smooth, hard sand. They like to sleep 

 there, as do also the cows. Both like to be in a big bunch. Organized harems avoid 

 these places, the bulls preferring the rocks. 



A big dead pup lies among a crowd of bachelors; not starved; probably crushed. 

 Bachelors are as likely to nurse a lost pup as a cow not its mother would be. 



This is the warmest day of the season. Many seals are in the water; many asleep. 

 The smell of the rookeries is suffocating. 



A harem of virgins in charge of an old bull is located below the next cross to the 

 north. Five or 6 virgins, with as many old cows, are in another harem well back. 

 Another harem shows half virgins. These harems are in the last tier of harems near 

 the hauling ground to the north. 



THE RESEBVE OF BULLS. 



Many 3-year-olds at Zapadni evidently escaped killing. They haul out in small 

 bunches at various inaccessible points. Many are on the headland. 



Without doubt more 3-year-olds escape each year and grow wigs than there is 

 needed for purposes of reproduction. These are by no means the smallest or weakest. 

 They are at least average animals. Sometimes they escape because located in outlying 



