FOOD KILLING FEOM LUKANIN. 385 



seals, and even then several were overcome by the heat before they could get back to 

 the sea and had to be killed. At the same time the presence of water is not absolutely 

 essential, as is shown by the main killing ground on St. George Island, below the 

 village, which has no water. Where the water is not present unusual care is 

 necessary. 



AUGUST 7. 



Dr. Jordan and Mr. Lucas were present in the morning at the food killing from 

 Lukanin. Mr. Macoun and Professor Thompson walked to North Shore and Bogoslof. 

 In the afternoon Dr. Jordan, Mr. Lucas, and Mr. Clark visited Tolstoi, to further 

 investigate the dead-pup question. 



THE FOOD KILLING. 



In the morning a small drive of seals from Lukanin was made to supply fresh 

 meat for the natives. The drive was, as usual with drives from Lukanin, made up 

 largely of small seals. One old female was included in the drive. She had evidently 

 had a pup, but it was probably dead. That she had bred was certain. 



One very small seal, a yearling, was found to be a cow and was killed for 

 examination. One other, a little larger, proved to be a yearling holostiak. Of 

 the pod of 30 the rest proved to be males. Five were killed as 3-year-olds. One 

 yearling was smothered on the drive and one was slightly hurt by a blow on the nose. 

 Two were overcome and skinned by the wayside. There was too much hurry this 

 morning. It is evident that there is need for constant oversight and care. The 

 Aleuts can not be trusted too implicitly. 



Two more very small seals are examined and prove to be yearling holostiaki. 

 Another adult cow is found. She has had a pup, but it is probably dead. The 

 Aleuts recognize, these old cows at once. Two more small seals are examined and 

 found to be holostiaki. They are just a little larger than females, but in the case of 

 the yearlings the Aleuts can not always tell the sex. 



One more little cow was found and let go. Three small ones caught and examined 

 prove to be holostiaki. One is seen with a bloody nose. Another, very little one 

 examined is a holostiak. One more, a very small one, examined proves to be a cow. 

 This makes 3 yearling cows. The presence of these yearling females does not 

 necessarily prove that the young males and females associate on the hauling grounds, 

 as the adult cows show that the drive was made from close to the rookery, and the 

 yearlings may, like th«m, have come from the outskirts of the breeding ground. 



MB. LUCAS'S NOTES. 



Several stomachs opened; only stones, worms, and mucus in them. Examination 

 shows nematodes in a number of stomachs and a small species of tapeworm in 3 or 4 

 stomachs. About 3 or 4 out of 5 have some sort of worms in the intestines just below 

 the caecum — usually not more than 1 or 2 worms in an intestine, though 6 were in one 

 instance. The tapeworm is not so universally present as the nematode. The mucus 

 is not secreted as a result of the irritation due to the worms. There is no direct 

 relation between the worms and the mucus. Mr. Adams reports finding a tapeworm 

 3 feet long in a seal, the head in the caecum. 



