414 THE FUR SEALS OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 



The next large patch extends back along the rocks for some distance and is 

 extremely fatal in its lower part, where the level ground adjoins the rocky beach. It 

 has 448 dead pups and 1 dead bull. 



From this point to the south end of the rookery the cliffs are composed of large 

 columns and great rocks, on which there are very few dead. On the rocky portion, 

 which includes the whole south end, there were 155 dead pups. 



Above the cliffs on the flatter rocks and more level districts there are 388. Flats 

 with sandy tracts abound in this region, and in them the mortality is greatest. 

 There are 2 dead cows and 2 dead balls. 



Two cases of copulation were noted. One young bull with a 2-year-old cow 

 seemed very awkward, but eager. One bull entirely blind was noticed. He seems 

 pitifully helpless, groaning and snorting at the disturbance, but without being able to 

 see what was going on about him. 



SUMMAKY OF DEAD PUPS. 



ST. PAUL. 



Kitovi 109 



Lagoon 78 



Lukanin 205 



Tolstoi 1,895 



Zapadni 3,095 



Little Zapadni v 134 



Zapadni Reef 104 



Gorbatcli 712 



Ardiguen 2 



Reef r 950 



>SivutchRock 50 



Polovina 635 



Little Polovina 47 



Vostochni 1,808 



Morjovi 485 



Total 10,309 



About 2,500 pups have been crushed by bulls on Tolstoi sands and the two 

 northernmost gullies of Zapadni. Of these certainly 1,500 each year could be saved 

 if the spaces in question were covered with rocks. The mortality must have been 

 greater when the great masses of seals of early days were on the rookeries. It is not 

 too much to say that 100,000 pups have been needlessly trampled to death in these 

 places since the United States assumed control of the Lsland. The vast importance 

 of the seal rookeries would justify the going over the rookeries each year in a careful 

 inspection and putting each one of the death traps in the best possible order. 



There are as many pups on Little Zapadni, Zapadni Reef, and the rocky slopes as 

 on Tolstoi sands, and the mortality on these Zapadni rookeries reaches a total of only 

 238, while on Tolstoi sands there are 1,495 — over six times as many. 



RECORD OF DISSECTION MADE ON ZAPADNI ROOKERY BY MR. LUCAS, ASSISTED BY 



PROFESSOR THOMPSON. 



In the first five of the following cases examination was not made, the cause of 

 death being obvious : 



1. A pup crushed under a rock. 



