TIME AND CHANGE 
of acurrent. The clam has always remained a clam, 
the oyster remained an oyster. The cockreach is 
about the same creature to-day that it was untold 
seons ago; so is the shark, and so are many other 
forms of marine life. Often where old species have 
gone out and new come in, no progress has been 
made. 
Evolution concentrates along certain lines. The 
biological tree behaves like another tree, branches 
die and drop off (species become extinct), others 
mature and remain, while some central shoot pushes 
upward. Many of the huge reptilian and mammalian 
branches perished in comparatively late times. 
As nothing is more evident than that the same 
measure of life or of vital energy — power of growth, 
power of resistance, power of reproduction — is not 
meted out equally to all the individuals of a species, 
or to all species, so it is evident that this power of 
progressive development is not meted out equally to 
all races of mankind, or to all of the individuals of 
the same race. The central impulse of development 
seems to have come from the East, in historic times 
at least, and to have followed the line of the Medi- 
terranean, to have culminated in Europe. And this 
progress has certainly been the work of a few minds 
* — minds exceptionally endowed. 
' For the most part the barbarian races do not pro- 
gress. Their exceptional minds or characters do not 
lead the tribes to higher planes of thought. In all 
36 
