THE TASMANIAN FLOEA. 71 



The following are the forms placed in specific rank in Hooker's " Flora 

 Tasmanise " : — 



A. subsimplex. Glabrous. Leaves linear, 4 in each whorl. 



A. scoparia. Scabrons-pubescent. Leaves linear, acute, with a fine 



point, about f inch long, 6 in the whorl. 

 A. conferta. Glabrous or nearly so. Leaves linear, not as pointed as in 



A. scoparia, about j inch long, 6 in the whorl. 

 A. gunnii. Glabrous or pubescent. Leaves linear, oblong, about j inch 



long, 6 or sometimes 4 in the whorl. 

 A. minima. Slightly scabrous-pubescent. Leaves linear, about line 



long, usually 8 in the whorl, but sometimes 6. 



fl. GALIUM. 



Calyx not apparent. Corolla minutely tubular below, with 4 spreading lobes. 

 Stamens 4. Style deeply bifid. Ovaj-y 2-celled, with an ascending ovule in 

 each. Fruit small, dry, 2-lobed, indehisoent. 



Distributed throughout the temperate regions of the entire globe. 



Frnit smooth ... .:. ... ... ... ... 1. G. umbrosum. 



Fruit armed with bristles ... ... ... ... 2. G. australe. 



1. G. UMBROSUM, Forst. A very variable perennial. Stems slender, wiry, 

 quadrangular, usually much-elongated, and usually, but not always, with harsh 

 asperities on the angles. Leaves mostly in whorls of 4, usually narrow with 

 recurved margins, but sometimes flat and ovate, generally under \ inch long. 

 Flowers few together, on short axillary branches, very small. Fruit about | line 

 diameter, smooth. G. gaudichaudi, D. C. ; G. vagans, Hook. ; G. ciliare, Hook. 



Very common ; also throughout South-Eastern Australia and New Zealand. 

 Fl. spring and summer. 



2. G. AUSTEALB, D. C. Similar in habit to the last. Scabrous to nearly 

 smooth, but in one form softly pubescent. Leaves in whorls of 4, ovate to 

 lanceolate, 2-4 lines long. Flowers similar to the last, but the fruit armed with 

 hooked bristles. G. squaLidum, Hook. ; G. albescenn, Hook. 



Common in dry gravelly places, ascending to 4000 feet. Found throughout 

 all but the western and northern parts of Australia. Fl. spring and summer. 



Sheraedia aevbnsis, Linn. Small, erect annual, 2-6 inches high. Leaves 

 about 6 in a whorl, lanceolate. Flowers pink, in terminal heads. 

 Sepals 4, conspicuous. Introduced as a weed of cultivation from 

 Europe. 



Plants of the following order are establishing themselves in many parts : — 

 DiPSACACEiE. Flowers in dense heads. Calyx superior, of 4 combined 

 sepals. Corolla tubular below, often irregular. Stamens 4, free. Pistil 

 simple, with a solitary "pendulous ovule. Fruit an achene. 



DipsACUS STLTESTRisv Linn. ■ Erect, .3-4 feet, coarsely hispid. Fruiting- 



head oblong. Floral scales persistent, rigid, prickly 

 SCABIOSA ATEOPUK.EnREA, Linu. Eiject, smooth. Lower leaves much 

 divided, upper ones entire. Flowers pink to very dark purple. 

 Heads globose in fruit. 



Order XL. COMPOSITJE. 



Pistil of a single carpel. Perianth superior. Calyx reduced to few or many 

 scales or bristles, or united in a minute cup, often obsolete, termed a pappus. 

 Corolla of usLially 5 petals, united below. Lobesshort, the tube united to the 

 lobes or split down one side, becoming strap-shaped. Stamens 6, inserted on the 

 corolla. Anthei-s blended in a tube round the style, the filaments free (in 



