88 POULTRY BREEDING 
weather. From the time hens naturally sit on into the 
summer outdoor brooders give very good results, but 
they should never be used when the weather is too cold 
to admit of letting the chicks out into the open air every 
day. 
BROODER HOUSES.—Many plans for brooder 
houses are available to those who read publications de- 
voted to poultry, but all these may be separated into 
three models. The pipe system houses are heated by a 
system of hot water pipes controlled by a heating plant 
located at one end or in the center of the system. The 
individual brooder house is arranged so as to make it 
convenient to handle a number of individual brooders of 
the indoor type. The individual brooder house or, as it 
is sometimes called, the colony brooder house, is a 
smaller brooder house designed to accommodate one 
brooder. Such houses are now usually heated with one 
of the brooding systems designed to make the house it- 
self the body of the brooder, the manufacturers furnish- 
ing only the heating system, 
The hot water or pipe system is losing ground because 
of inherent defects which manufacturers have not been 
able to eliminate. The principal difficulty seems to be 
their inflexibility, it being necessary that each section of 
the house shall be of the same temperature as all others 
or so nearly so that the difference is not worth consider- 
ing. 
The brooder house designed for the use of individual 
brooders has many friends and is largely used. It is 
recommended by a great many leading poultrymen and 
many have remodeled their brooder houses, changing 
them from the pipe system to the individual system. 
This system requires more work perhaps than the pipe 
