98 POULTRY BREEDING 
leaving them as good for table use as they would have 
been if bled to death by a cut in the neck, the only differ- 
ence being that the blood is let out from a different 
place. 
CATARRH.—See Roup. 
CHARCOAL FOR POULTRY.—Charcoal is not 
alone a preventive of disease because of its great capacity 
for absorbing gases, but it seems to exert a beneficial 
effect on the growth of fowls to which it is fed. It may 
be fed in the form of crushed charcoal in a trough where 
fowls have constant access to it, the pieces being about 
the size of grains of wheat, or it may be still more finely 
crushed and mixed with soft feed. Four turkeys were 
confined in a pen and fed cornmeal, boiled potatoes and 
oats. Four others were confined in the same way and. 
given the same feed with the addition of one pint of fine- 
ly-powdered charcoal. They also had a plentiful supply 
of broken charcoal in their pen. The eight were killed 
the same day and there was a difference in the quality of 
their flesh, which was very noticeable, as well as a differ- 
ence of 1144 pounds in weight in favor of the birds which 
had been fed charcoal. If it is not convenient to procure 
charcoal near home it may be made at home. Corncobs 
piled up and burned until they are each a glowing coal 
and then doused with water make charcoal of excellent 
quality. 
CHICKS DYING IN THE SHELL.— One of the most 
serious difficulties incubator users are called upon to 
meet is the number of chicks that die in the shell after 
having matured to the stage when they are almost ready 
to come forth. Prof. E. F. Pernot of the Oregon Expri- 
ment Station has published some results of recent inves- 
tigations into this trouble that seem to point the way to 
