168 POULTRY BREEDING 
chopped fine. Sometimes they are cooked soft and mixed 
with bran or middlings in making a mash, but it seems 
better to feed them raw. Clover or alfalfa hay makes a 
very good substitute for green feed in winter, if it has 
been cut at the proper time and carefully dried, so as to 
retain all its value. It may be cut into short lengths and 
fed in that shape or it may be brought in the shape of a 
fine meal and used as one of the components of a mash, or 
as hay it may be used for the litter on the floor of the 
poultry house so the fowls may eat the leaves and smaller 
stems. The latter is wasteful, but where hay is cheap 
this does not much matter. The fresh vegetable feeds 
are very poor in the nutritive elements, being largely 
water, but this very succulence is apparently the quality 
in which their greatest value lies. The table gives the 
nutritive value of several of these vegetable feeds: 
VEGETABLE FEEDS USED FOR POULTRY. DIGESTIVE CONTENT 
IN 100 POUNDS. 
Dry matter.| Ash. | Protein. pete AE NS 
Red clover, ereen..... .. 29 21 | 29 16.4 135.6 
Cabbage. .... ........... 15 1.4 leo g.1 1:51 
Mangels (beets).......... 13 Teh, 11 | 10.4 12521 
MUMMIPS:, sess. sees anne 9.5 OS | 11 7.05 Line 
DP OLAS scans op eres tae aL 1 | 0.9 16.5 | 1:18.38 
The animal feeds used for poultry are composed almost 
entirely of the waste products of packing houses. These 
are bloodmeal, made from blood dried and ground to a 
powder, very rich in protein and valuable as a feed for 
growing chicks or laying hens, if not fed in too large 
quantities ; beef scrap, made from the waste scraps which 
remain from cutting meat, bloody pieces, the meat from 
bones and other waste meat. This is first boiled and 
