194 POULTRY BREEDING 
the Fahrenheit scale, as Reamur’s scale makes 90° equal 
to something like 225° F., a temperature which would 
vety quickly destroy the life in anegg. It seems curious 
in face of the statement Reamur succeeded in hatching 
eggs that he should give the temperature so low, as we 
know that it requires 103° to hatch chickens in an in- 
cubator. 
Later MI. Dubois improved Reamur's device by making 
a low rocm 10’ square and heating it from the pipe of a 
stove below, putting the eggs in wicker baskets and hang- 
ing them from the ceiling, raising or lowering the baskets 
to get the eggs in the proper temperature. MM. Copineau 
tried using hot water pipes along the floor of the room 
and still later 1M. Bonnemain invented the first hot-water 
incubator, illustrated on page 195. In the early years of 
last century a hatching machine was shown in London 
called an ‘‘Eccaleobion,” literally an “invoker of life,” 
which attracted much discussion but soon passed from 
view. 
In 1843 C. Appleyard showed an incubator before the 
Royal Agricultural Society, but beyond a mere mention 
of the fact the record does not go. About 1845 a “hatch- 
ing machine” was exhibited in operation at 160 Nassau 
St., N. Y., and was visited by thousands. However, this 
was not the first incubator of record in this country as 
one was shown in Brooklyn by E. Bayer in 1843. Mr. 
Bayer seems to have got the temperature about right. as 
he gave the correct figure as being 101° to 102° F. He 
called his machine a “polotokian,” and claimed to hatch 
from 75 to 80 per cent of the eggs he put into it, a record 
which would be perfectly satisfactory even in these days. 
A hot-water incubator was exhibited in New York 
about the same time. It was claimed for this machine 
