254 POULTRY BREEDING 
waste of material to make this double wall and ceiling in 
any locality where the temperature never goes below 
zero, as the fowls will be perfectly comfortable when 
inclosed in a single wall and a roof with the drop curtain 
in front in such a temperature. The walls and roof of 
a poultry house should be absolutely wind-proof. The 
best way to secure this condition is to use one of the 
roofing papers, of which many kinds are obtainable in 
any town. If they are not kept in stock by local hard- 
ware or lumber firms any of them can get them with not 
more than a short delay. The side walls should be made 
of shiplap or of lumber which fits closely and then cov- 
ered with one-ply roofing paper. The roof should be 
sheeted with shiplap or other straight-edged lumber and 
this covered with three-ply roofing paper. If shingles 
must be used the roof should be sheeted with cheap 
flooring and the shingles laid on this. The object is to 
make the roof and sides perfectly tight, except where the 
muslin or canvas-covered windows are put in to secure 
ventilation. 
In some localities the entire front of the house may be 
open most of the year. Such houses are closed in front 
with poultry netting to keep marauders out and the 
fowls in when this is desirable. Frames covered with 
canvas or muslin are made in sections to fit the opening, 
hinged at the top and swung up and fastened to the roof 
when not in use. On the next page is shown such a 
house, used through very severe winters in Chicago to 
house Rhode Island Reds, with perfect success. The 
writer gave the plan to a poultryman in Ohio and he 
wrote, after using it one winter, that his hens were never 
more healthy and prolific than they were during the time 
they had been kept in this extreme type of the open- 
