ORTHOPTERA 



135 



them to escape readily into cracks and crevices. Cockroaches were the 

 dominant insects in carboniferous times. There are four common species, 



Fig. 104. — Calopl'enus spre'tus. Process of acquiring wings: a, Pupa 

 with skin just spht on the back; 6, the imago extending; c, the imago nearly 

 out ; d, the imago with wings expanded ; e, the imago with all parts perfect, 

 natural size. (After Riley.) 



Fig. 105. — African mantis or soothsayer, with its egg-mass. (Monteiro.) 



only one being native to the United States. The eggs are laid in small, 

 bean-shaped, horny, brown cases. The young are precocial. Cock- 



