174 



BRANCH ARTHROPODA 



the same color next the anal angle of the hind wing." It is a friend to the 

 fruit grower, for its larva feeds upon woolly plant-lice like the apple-tree 

 aphis and the alder blight. 



ORDER XII. HYMENOP'TERA 



This order is represented by such familiar insects as the 

 bumble-bees, yellow-jackets, honey-bees, ants, wasps, ichneu- 

 mon flies, saw-flies, and gall-flies. 



The mouth parts (Fig. 144) are adapted for biting or sucking, 

 the mandibles are short and fitted for biting, while the other 



Three ocelli or simple eyes 



^^ w\ Compound cj-es 

 "Antenna? 



Mandible: 



Maxillarj' palp 



MaxillEC' 



Labial palpi. 



Clypeus (c). 



-y\ — T.:ibrum 



I'alpifer or palpus bearer 



Paraglo^sET or lateral lobes 

 of the tongue 



Lingula or tongue attached at 

 the base of the labium 



Fig. 144. — Front view of the head of a bee. (Tenncy.) 



mouth parts, as the maxiUir, labium, the maxillary and labial 

 palpi, are more or less modilied into a proboscis for taking up 

 liquid food. 



The wings are membranous and four in number. The 

 anterior pair is larger than the posterior. The student will 

 observe that the boch- and wings of Hymenoptera arc shorter 

 than those of the dragon-fly order (C^donata). 



The metamorphosis is complete. The lar\'a' are maggot-like. 



Habits. — They vtiry much in haliits. Some are herbivorous 

 (saw-flies), some form galls, others are parasitic (ichneumon 



