TABLE OF CONTENTS. aus 
CHAPTER VII.—TuHE DECLINE OF THE HERD—Continued. Page. 
The evidence of decline—Continued. . 
The quota of 1897 harder to get.....--.. 022222 een eee eee eee e ences 114 
The quota a direct measure of breeding herd -..-....-..-..--..----- 114 
The quota of 1897 and the Paris regulations. ............-.---------- 114 
The total decline in the herd......-. 2.2. 222. eee eee ce eee eee ee 114 
CnarTrr VIII.—TsE Cause or THE DECLINE: 
Joint agreement of 1892 ...... 2-2-2. een eee eee ee nee eee eee eee 115 
No competent natural cause. ....2. 222-2. eee ee ee ce ee ee eee 115 
Natural causes of mortality constant......--....-2.. 00-202 eee eee eee eee 115 
The real cause an artificial one ..-....-.-. 2222-222 eee eee eee eee ee eee 116 
dvandvand:6ea: Killin g:..concccses sheeicictes desig ek eivietawstegadselads v see ee 116 
A. Land killing—its methods .....-.--.- 2222222. e eee eee eee eee eee 116 
Animals killedans. sconces cee ys oe ue Shek eeekiisetaas seleseeeees 116 
Willing SeaS Omens faiaie'. isis cists te leterelosieteecicleesteowetetgs sche wee seeas oe 116 
Phe Orivin goo cos sd lt asics cdo. stele siemens eisiers Aeteiele: dere h fae 116 
PHO NGTIViG teas a jas Assit aetea nel eras cise einw ak Beane oetnctoeinei semen 117 
Phe kiWlin gn sccewe eda ccied Seek eewereeeayeseica ween sec veawens 118 
¥ TS AL OWS) sch cenvacnicme ewe arses de wives wea Seeanes Seamless eesee 118 
The skinning of the seals......-.-...--2. 2-2 220 22 eee eee eee eee 119 
Division of labor : 119 
Treatment of the skins 119 
The effects of land killing ..............----- 022-2. cee eee e eee ee 119 
Removal of superfluous male life beneficial ...... oanelleried Sue hate 120 
Possibility of overkilling ...-.....--..--.-..----- 2-2-2 ee eee eee 120 
A hypothetical case...... 0.20.20. cee cee eee cece ee cee eee cee eee ees 120 
Such killing not practicable ........-.-.-----. 22-22-2222 eee eee 121 
Otter Island not driven .-........-.-----.+------ sibndicceyceet aces 121 
DelectivG skiiG.~ a .seeserseseen se kes seancdadeeueaceeseeseices eases 121 
Overkilling of males has not occurred ........-.-.---.----------- 121 
Statistics of the quota............2--2. 0-22 eee ee eee eee eee 122 
Land killing, 1870-97 ......--.. 222-2200 cee eee eee ee cece cere eee 122 
Voluntary reduction of quota, 1876-77 122 
Voluntary reduction, 1882-88...... 22.00. 02. ecee cece cece cee eee 122 
No dearth of male life ..........-2...2--..------ i oeee nouns 122 
Killing of males not a factor in decline -......... Nimes SeNEE Brad mista rete 123 
Promatire KUMD G0 cas ceese scence aside eee castes wee ee semasicoes 123 
Anticipation of Quotar..n.. 22.0 505 csncmmeccie seccec cece ease sesso ses 123 
Table showing date of filling quota, ete .......-...-.-..-.-.------ 123 
The killing of undersized seals..-......----.----.ee0ee eee eee cece 124 
Such killing did not affect the herd ...... 2.000.220. 02 e eee eeee eee 124. 
Premature killing wasteful but not injurious ........ sinigisiearersne see 124 
Killing of pups wasteful.........--...--...----. 022-2 eee ee ae Sees 124 
Absence of injury to the herd_...--.... 222.2222 ccc. eeeeeeeeeeeees 195 
Methods on the Commander Islands........-...-:...----.-------- 125 
Dr. Stejneger’s observations..........-...------ 02 eee eee e ee eee 125 
The dearth of male life on Bering Island.........-.......---.---- 125 
CHAPTER IX.—THE THEORY OF OVERDRIVING: : 
Driving and its supposed results ......-. 22.0... 222. eee cece eee eee 126 
The process of driving. ...--....-. 0-2. cece ence ee cece ee cee e cee e ee ee eeeee 126 
The animal ATi ven sacsicvisirciecs leit wiv syoteig sianeies os cleus e sianwiereiaiete Waiclon se vie xt oles 127 
The theory intangible ............---...02---.60- ib distuelsteseretaraosla velar cietaterecs 127 
Its logical conclusion. oj:3202c:0s6 nese pocig- esis ste vie Scinstesin sieeid eaeecees oo 46 127 
The drives and driveways .....-------.. eeeu cece ewe en ene fe aed weenie ie oe 128 
