100 THE FUR SEALS OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS. 
should have survived. The difference between this number and the 50,000 which we 
have found to actually survive is accounted for by the starvation of pups in 1894. 
Treating in the same manner the approximate birth rate of 170,000 pups in 1893, 
we find that, after making the deductions for loss through natural causes and from 
starvation, probably 40,000 returned as 2-year-olds in 1897. 
Of the 160,000 pups born last year treated in like manner, probably 60,000 
appeared in 1897 as yearlings. 
THE COMPLETE ESTIMATE FOR ANIMALS OF ALL CLASSES. 
This completes our estimate of the younger classes of seals. The figures are 
merely rough approximations and are to be considered as such. They, however, 
point in the direction of the truth and are probably not far fromit. Putting these 
various estimates in tabular form we have the following completed estimate of all 
classes of animals on the rookeries of the Pribilof Islands for the season of 1897: 
Animals present at one time or another, season of 1897. 
Breeding females ..........-.----. 22-220 e-ee eens aisles ee setuleeee aeeeee abies 129, 216 
Pups born... - 2-22-22 2 cn cone nee ee ee cece cee renee cone cree e meee cee e eecaeee 129, 216 
Active bulls icceencedsecidenenns secede seceergisses Pigeeis ob stbb SoBe eee eswer eases 4, 418 
Idle bulls (approximate)... ....... 2.22. cee cee scene eee cee ee eee eee ee eee eee 5, 000 
Half bulls (approximate) .......---------. ------ eee ne eee eee ee ee eee eee 10, 000 
Three-year-old males (approximate). -.-....--..----- 2-2 eee eee eee eee eee eee 25, 000 
Two-year-olds of both sexes (approximate).....-...---------22 -e ee ee eee eee eee 40, 000 
Yearlings of both sexes (approximate)... 0.220... eee. eee cece ee eee eee ee eee eee 60, 000 
POU scrate winiacavhis pce rape craiayeid) ature eta's ie ssiafeid sie wiSianpersibia) Sipletacalewwawiarelehebrelshae ieiskaemes 402, 850 
In round numbers, therefore, there were on the Pribilof Islands at one time or 
another during the season of 1897 400,000 seals of all classes. We wish to again 
emphasize the fact that these figures, in so far as they refer to other classes of animals 
than the breeding seals and young, are mere approximations. 
DEDUCTIONS FOR LOSSES. 
These animals were of course not all alive at the close of the season. Their 
number had been reduced from various causes, as the death of nursing pups, pelagic 
sealing, and the filling of the quota. These losses to the herd may be estimated as 
follows: 
Animals known to have died from various causes, season 1897. 
Pups, from Uncinaria, trampling, etc ............---+- +--+ eee. eee eee estimated -. 7, 750 
Pups, from starvation. -.....-.2- 0-22-20 2 cece eee ee cee ee eee eens do.... 14, 000 
Bachelors (quota). c0c2+.sesse vice sed sec aweceeeneve vines cee etn ceee ciwarceeccewien 20, 890 
Pelagic catch (Bering Sea). .... 2... +222... eee cece ee teen cee ee cece cece eens 16, 464 
Total 2 secuvnbsictdenisamsie suis nisiee vs ves oes isbedves Getistene sesame ss cesaians 59, 104 
Total alive during season ..--.. 22.2. 22 cece ce eee eee ee ee eee ---- 402, 850 
Wotal deads sc'st sab vies sidg seeoasbaee eee eset eicacide te eked cose sie sderade aes 59, 104 
