NUCLEAR DIVISION 
In the teleutospore (ie. tetraspore-mother-cell), the first 
ision is of a slightly higher type. The fusion-nucleus: is 
ze, round and (when unstained) perfectly clear and homo- 
1eous, but for its nucleolus, so that it looks like a vacuole: 
vecupies almost invariably the middle of a cell. The dense 
omatin mass is loosened out into a kind of spireme which 
‘comes shorter and thicker; the nuclear membrane then 
appears, and the spireme thread splits longitudinally, though 
: splitting is often indistinct. It then divides transversely 
o segments which become arranged or strung out on a 
ndle (sometimes, but more rarely, in an equatorial plate): 
mn the daughter nuclei are formed at the poles, and the next 
ision, which is homotypic, follows immediately (Harper and 
Iden, 1903; Blackman, 1904). Hoffmann considered that in 
dophyllum Sempervivi he could count eight chromosomes 
t before the reducing division. 
Since each of these nuclear divisions of the teleutospore- 
‘tents is usually followed at once by the formation of a cell- 
ll, there are obtained four cells which are generally super- 
ied inarow. But Weir(1912) records a case in Coleosporium 
lsatullae where they were arranged in a “tetrad,” by which 
ed he means presumably (for he gives no figures) in a 
are or tetrahedral manner. : 
According to Dittschlag (1910) the nucleus of the spermo- 
ual hyphz is oblong and shows a slight chromatin network, 
5 usually without a nucleolus. After abstriction (for which 
Blackman, 1904), each nucleus enters again upon a resting 
ge, and the chromatin network becomes looser. Each sper- 
tium has a rather large nucleus, occupying about two-thirds 
the cell, showing a decided chromatin network, but almost 
ver a nucleolus. It has been frequently noticed that many 
rmatia soon become binucleate, but the nuclei are sisters, 
1 this condition is merely a beginning of vegetative growth 
ich, however, usually aborts. 
In the ecidia, the “fertile” (female) cells have a medium- 
ed nucleus, with a fine chromatin network and a deeply 
ouring nucleolus, as well as abundant finely granular proto- 
sm. When the conjugate nuclei have arisen, they lose their 
