60 CALYPTOSPORA GOEPPERTIANA 
It can live at any rate for a number of years in the Cowberry, 
in which the mycelium is perennial, but in the Fir the mycelium 
is short-lived and perishes when the leaves prematurely fall off. 
In Europe only the Cowberry has been noticed as its teleuto- 
spore-host, but in the United States it is recorded on eight é 
other species of Vaccinium (including V. Myrtillus A. Gray); 
strange to say, the fungus has not yet been observed on the Fir 
in America. Besides Abies pectinata, it is recorded in this 
country on A. Nordmanniana (from Wales, etc.), and the zcidia 
have occurred or been produced 
artificially elsewhere on at least 10 
other species of the genus. A good 
account is given in the Kew Bulletin 
(1907) from which and other sources 
the following is drawn. 
The most noticeable effect is 
produced upon the Cowberry. The 
ecidiospores ripen in July and 
August, and if one of them is 
carried to a young branch of the 
Cowberry, its germ-tube penetrates 
through a stoma (or, it is said, bores 
its way through the outer epidermis 
wall), and penetrates into the cortex, 
where it grows and next spring ex- 
tends itself into the new shoots. 
These present a remarkable appear- 
ance : the internodes are lengthened, 
they become spongy and _ strongly 
a Ps Calyprospora Goepper- swollen and coloured red or pink, 
ee ere afterwards turning brown (Fig. 36). 
Abies pectinata, b, leaf of A. Lhe infested plants are taller than 
Nordmanniana, with wscidia, ‘ 
moraniy (le luther bedlucea. uninfested ones and have smaller 
leaves. The mycelium perennates 
in the affected shoots, and passes each spring into the newly 
formed ones; thus the diseased branches usually occur in 
clusters. Finally the mycelium penetrates into the epidermis, 
and the teleutospores are formed within the epidermal cells 
