140 PUCCINIA 
Spermogones. Chiefly epiphyllous, in little clusters, orange. 
Uredospores. Sori generally hypophyllous, on yellowish or 
brownish spots (spots sometimes 
none), primary rather large, 
secondary very minute, much 
scattered, pulverulent, brown; 
spores globose to ellipsoid, acu- 
leolate, brown, 22—30 x 16— 
Fig. 92. P. Centaureae. Teleuto- 28 yw, with three (or two) germ- 
spores and uredospore. 
pores. 
Teleutospores. Sori similar, but blackish-brown; spores 
ellipsoid or somewhat obovate, rounded at both ends, not thick- 
ened above, not or hardly constricted, delicately verruculose, 
chestnut-brown, 24—40 x 16—25 4; epispore thin; pedicels 
hyaline, thin, generally very short. 
On Centaurea nigra. Teleutospores, August—November, 
Common. (Fig. 92.) 
As Plowright says, there are two generations of uredospores, The 
primary uredospores, which are the equivalent of the zcidiospores, accom- 
panied by spermogones, appear in May, and are followed by the secondary 
uredospores, which form much smaller sori. The former, however, do not 
occur on every infested plant, being only produced from direct infection 
by the basidiospores. The primary uredospores are widely scattered by 
the wind; Plowright proved that they produce the secondary spores in 
about fourteen days. Fischer and Jacky record this also on C. Scabiosa, 
but the Puccinie on other species of Centuurea are considered to be 
distinct species or else biological races. 
DIstTRIBUTION: Europe, Asia Minor, Siberia, North America. 
14. Puccinia Cyani Pass. 
Uredo Cyani Schleich. Plant. Hely. 95. 
Puceinia suaveolens var. Cyant Winter, Pilze Deutschl. p. 190. Plowr. 
Ured. p. 183. Sace. Syll. vii. 633. 
P. Cyant Pass. in Rab. Fung. Eur. 1767. Sydow, Monogr. i. 38. 
Spermogones. A few mixed with the primary uredo-sori. 
Uredospores. Sori generally hypophyllous, without. spots, 
scattered or crowded, minute, roundish, pulverulent, cinnamon ; 
