242 PUCCINIA 
Teleutospores. Sori generally hypophyllous, scattered or 
arranged in lines, oblong or linear and confluent into long striz, 
pulvinate, compact, black; spores clavate, usually rounded above 
and much thickened (5—10 y), constricted, tapering downwards, 
smooth, brown, darker at the apex, 35—66 x 1423 yu; pedicels 
yellowish, persistent, about half as long as the spore or less. 
fEcidia on Urtica dioica, April—June; uredo- and teleuto- 
spores on Carex acutiformis (paludosa), C. hirta, C. pendula, 
C. Pseudocyperus, C. riparia, June or July—April. Very 
common, (Fig. 186.) 
It is recorded also, in other countries, upon a long series of other 
Carices (over forty-three), including C. acuta, C. Goodenovii, C. stricta, and 
C. vesicarta among British species. It must not be assumed, however, 
without trial that these are all identical ; the forms on @. hirta, C. vesicaria 
seem to be biologically distinct (Klebahn, Fischer), and others may belong 
to P. Pringsheimiana, ete. C. binervis is included by Plowright, but the 
fungus on this host has not yet been experimentally shown to belong 
to 4G, Urticae. 
This parasite has been the subject of numerous investigations, since 
Magnus in 1872 first showed that the wcidium on the Nettle belonged 
to the life-cycle of P. Caricis on Curex hirta. Plowright, Schroter, 
Klebahn, and many others have followed in his steps. It may be 
remarked here that few species of Puceinia on Carex can be determined 
with certainty until the ecidium-stage belonging thereto is known, 
The teleutospores of this species germinate after the winter’s rest ; 
they succeed most easily during April. They may be found on new or old 
leaves of Carex all the year round. It is almost in vain to look for 
the ecidium on the Nettle except in the vicinity of water where Sedges are 
growing ; but where such a conjunction occurs, the parasite may often be 
found upon both hosts in abundance every year. Klebahn records the 
ecidium on Urtica wrens; Magnus states that the fungus can winter on 
C. hirta by means of its uredospores. 
DisTRIBUTION : Europe, Siberia, Japan, America, Australia. 
109. Puccinia Pringsheimiana Kleb. 
Aicidium Grossulariae DC, Flor. fr. vi. 92. Cooke, Handb. p. 541; 
Micr. Fung. p. 197. Plowr. Ured. p. 263. 
Puccinia Pringsheimiana Kleb. in Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkr. v. 76. 
Soppitt in Gard. Chron. 1898, xxiv. 145, f. 38. Sydow, Monogr. 
i, 652. Fischer, Ured. Schweiz, p. 268. Massee, Diseases of 
cultivated Pl. p. 300, f. 88. 
