288 TRIPHRAGMIUM 
Spermogones. On the leaves and petioles, circinate, flat, 
yellowish. 
Uredospores. Sori of two kinds—primary, Le. ceomata, 
amphigenous, large, expanded, bright-orange, mostly on the 
veins and petioles where they cause distortion, without para- 
physes; secondary, hypophyllous, small, round, scattered, orange, 
surrounded by paraphyses; spores brilliant-orange, ellipsoid to 
obovate, verrucose, 25—28 x 18—21 y, without evident germ- 
pores. 
Fig. 218. J. Ulmariae. Normal telentospore ; a and b, two abnormal 
ones; on 8. Ulmaria. 
Teleutospores. Sori hypophyllous, small, round, brownish- 
black, persistent, but pulverulent, sometimes arising in the 
primary uredo-sori; spores subglobose, flattened, chestnut- 
brown, more or less rough with obtuse warts, 35—49 w; each 
cell has, at a point opposite to the inner corner, a germ-pore 
round which the warts are often crowded; pedicels colourless, 
persistent, variable in length; abnormal spores may have two 
or four to five cells. 
On Spiraea Ulmaria, S. Filipendula. Very common on the 
former host. Primary uredospores, May—July; teleutospores, 
August—November. (Fig. 218.) 
The primary uredo-sorus may be Jooked upon as a ceoma, ie. an 
ecidium, and in any case it corresponds to that developmental stage ; 
Klebahn proved (Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkr. 1907) that it is produced by 
infection by the basidiospores. Dietel observed that, in elevated situations, 
the secondary uredo-spore generation on S. Ulmaria was almost absent, 
and the teleutospores arose in connection with the primary uredo-sori ; 
this is in agreement with the usual shortening of the life-history that 
