GYMNOSPORANGIUM 309 
icidiospores. Aicidia hypophyllous, on the same spots, flask- 
shaped, 1—2 mm. broad, pale-brown, 
split to the base into lacinie which 
remain united at the summit, and at 
first are joined at intervals by short 
transverse bands; spores finely verru- 
culose, brown, 28—30 u (average). 
Teleutospores. Spore-masses on 
the branches, at first pulvinate, dark- 
brown, then irregularly conical, 8— 
10 mm. high, red-brown, gelatinous; 
spores of two kinds, thick-walled and 
thin-walled, broadly and obtusely bi- 
conical, scarcely constricted, smooth, 
brown, 40—50 x 25—30 w; germ-pores 
four, two in each cell. 
Fig.234. G. Sabinae. Groups 
Zicidia on Pyrus communis, July— os ew leet eae 
September; teleutospores on Juniperus 
Sabina, April and May. Not uncommon. (Fig. 234.) 
This is said to occur on other species of Pyrus and Juniperus. The 
life-history is similar to that of the other Gymnosporangia. The spermo- 
gones are said by Fischer to have occurred on the fruit of the Pear ; 
other authors record the ecidia on both the young fruits and the petioles. 
The ecidia are easily distinguishable from all the others, the upper part of 
the peridium, after dehiscence, looking very like the calyptra of Polytrichum; 
but the teleutospores are similar to those of G. confusum, the chief 
difference being that the thick-walled spores of the latter are rounded 
at the summit, not bluntly conical. 
In this, as in all the similar cases, when the ecidium is found on 
its host, search should be made in the neighbourhood for the alternate 
host ; the Juniper is often found in a neighbouring garden. Since it 
is. always the teleutospore-mycelium that is perennial, the only successful 
remedy for this plant-disease is to destroy and burn the Juniper, or 
at least the affected part ; it is useless to spray the ecidial host. 
DISTRIBUTION: Europe. 
