CRONARTIUM 315 
produce the same on Vincetoxicum, Nemesia, Cynanchum, and Verbena, ass 
well as on many species of Paeonia. There is reason for believing that 
the parasitism on Memesia, at least, has arisen at a very recent date. This 
species is therefore plurivorous in its teleuto-stage, but not in its ecidial 
stage. The mycelium is perennial, according to Fischer, in the pine- 
branches ; it produces ecidiospores in May and infects the alternate hosts, 
on which uredo- and teleutospores are borne during the summer—the 
latter can germinate at once. 
2. Cronartium Quercuum Miyabe. 
Uredo Quercus Brondeau in Duby, Bot. Gall. ii. 893 (1830). Cooke, 
Handb. p. 526; Micr. Fung. p. 216. Plowr. Ured. p. 257. 
Fischer, Ured. Schweiz, p. 539. 
Peridermium deformans and P. giganteum Tubeuf, Pflanzenkr. p, 429. 
Melampsora (2) Quercus Schrét.; see Sacc. Michel. ii. 308 ; Syll. vii. 
594. 
Cronartium asclepiadeum var. Quercuum Berk. Grevill. iii. 59 (from 
the U.S.). Sace. Syll. vii. 597. 
C. Quercuum Miyabe, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, xiii. 74 (1899). 
C. Quercus Arthur, North Americ. Fl. vil. 122 (1907). 
[Zcidiospores.  Aicidia caulicolous, forming subglobose 
swellings 5—25 cm. across, arranged in 
tortuous lines or cerebroid, at first 
orange-yellow, bladdery; peridium col- 
ourless, circumscissile, soon falling away 
in flakes or sheets, about 2 cells thick, 
outer surface smooth, inner verrucose; Fig. 239.  C. Querewum. 
7 ; Uredospores, on Quercus 
cells roundish or irregularly compressed, (ex herb. Thos. Brittain). 
walls very thick, lumen small; spores 
obovate, 25—32 x 17—23 w; wall colourless, uniformly thick 
(24381 »), coarsely verrucose, usually with smooth spot at base 
and extending up one side, tubercles somewhat deciduous. ] 
Uredospores. ‘Sori hypophyllous, thickly scattered, round, 
small (4 mm.), hemispherical, dehiscing by an apical pore, at 
length surrounded by the torn epidermis, yellow; peridium 
delicate or wanting; spores obovate to broadly ellipsoid, orange- 
yellow, 15—25 x 10—17 4; wall colourless, 3 w thick, evenly 
echinulate with short,strong points. 
[Teleutospores. Sori hypopkyllous, columnar, filiform, 2—3 
mm, long, 150—175 uw thick; spores fusiform to oblong, 30—40 
