CODEINE — DIONIN 145 



OODEINA. CODEINE — METHYL MORPHINE 



One gram of codeine dissolves in 120 mils of water and 2 mils 

 of alcohol. One gram of codeine phosphate dissolves in 2.3 mils of 

 v^ater and 325 mils of alcohol. Codeine sulphate is soluble in 30 

 parts of water and 1280 of alcohol. Of the above preparations, the 

 alkaloid, codeine, is the best for alcoholic solution and the phosphate 

 for aqueous solution or hypodermic use. 



Dose. H. and C. gr. iij — ^xxx; 0.2 — 2. D. gr. Vi — ij ; 

 0.016—0.13. 



Codeine is the methyl ester of morphine or methyl morphine. 

 As a hypnotic and an algesic codeine stands between morphine and 

 heroine, being weaker than morphine but more powerful than heroin. 

 It is sujSiciently analgesic to give good results in some cases but 

 is not much used for this action in veterinary medicine. It differs 

 somewhat in its action upon the nervous system from morphine, in 

 that it produces a slight but distinct narcosis, but the sleep is not 

 so sound or so restful as under morphine, and is occasionally fol- 

 lowed by restlessness and excitability. If the doses are large, the 

 short depression gives way to excitement. Codeine is less liable 

 to cause indigestion, nausea and constipation than morphine, and 

 is claimed to be non-habit-forming in man although there are some 

 cases of forming the habit on record. Since it relieves bronchial 

 irritation, and checks the secretions, it is often useful in cough. 

 For this purpose it is often combined with an expectorant (am- 

 monium chloride) and phenacetin or acetanilid. 



JETHYLMORPHINAE HYDROCHLORIDUM 



Synonyms. Dionin, Ethylmorphine Chloride 



Ethylmorphine occurs as a white powder soluble in water and 

 alcohol. It is much less sedative than morphine but has been used 

 to some extent in cough and mild pain. It is analgesic in the 

 eye, and is quite extensively used by ophthalmologists in deep-seated 

 ocular pain. Lloyd-Owen foimd that there was little or no effect 

 upon the cornea and conjunctiva after dropping a 2 — 5 per cent, 

 solution in the eye, but that it was decidedly analgesic to deep-seated 

 pain. It is not mydriatic. 



Dionin is also a corneal lymphogogue, i.e., it increases the flow 

 of lymph which is the source of nutrition to the cornea, and causes 

 edema of the conjunctiva. This action appears quite rapidly and 

 may last for several days but the eye becomes immune to it in about 

 one week, so that it must be discontinued for a few days. 



