NOVOCAINE — EUCAINE — STOVAINE 191 



Novocaine Nitrate (para-aminobenzoyldiethylaminoethanol ni- 

 trate) occurs as small colorless, odorless crystals, soluble in water and 

 alcohol. It is a local anesthetic that can be used with silver nitrate 

 and other silver salts without fear of precipitation. 



Eucaine (beta-eueaine or eucaine hydrochloride). This is the 

 hydrochloride of trimethylbenzooxypiperidin, a synthetic product 

 similar to cocaine. Formerly eucaine was also supplied as alpha- 

 eucaine, but on account of its irritant properties, it was never widely 

 used, and at the present time has been withdrawn from the market. 

 Beta-eucaine occurs as a white powder, soluble in about 30 parts of 

 cold water or alcohol. It is tised as a local anesthetic like cocaine. 

 Its advantages are that it is claimed to be less toxic than cocaine, solu- 

 tions are more stable and may be sterilized by boiling. It has no 

 effect upon the blood vessels, however, and is more liable to cause 

 sloughing than cocaine. 



Stovaine is a trade name for another synthetic preparation intro- 

 duced to take the place of cocaine. Chemically it is benzoylethyl- 

 dimethylaminopropanol hydrochloride. It occurs as small shining 

 scales which are freely soluble in water or alcohol. Its solutions 

 may be sterilized by boiling without suffering decomposition but are 

 incompatible with alkalies and alkaloidal reagents. Stovaine is 

 claimed to be as strong an anesthetic as cocaine and less toxic. It 

 dilates the blood vessels. Stovaine may be used under the same con- 

 ditions as cocaine but is too irritant for application to the eye and is 

 more liable to cause sloughing at the point of injection. This drug 

 has come into considerable prominence to produce sublumbar (intra- 

 spinal anesthesia). 



Alypine is another substitute introduced as a local anesthetic. 

 It is claimed to be equally active but less toxic than cocaine, causes 

 no mydriasis, nor vaso-constriction (on the contrary vaso-dilatation) , 

 and its solutions resist boiling for from five to ten minutes without 

 decomposition. Chemically it is benzoyldimethylaminomethyldime- 

 thylaminobutane hydrochloride. It occurs as a white chrystalline 

 powder, freely soluble in water, alcohol and chloroform, and spar- 

 ingly soluble in ether, yielding neutral solutions that may be steril- 

 ized by boiling for not more than five minutes. According to some 

 authorities it will not stand boiling. Alypine is mostly employed in- 

 2 to 4 per cent, solution. 



Alypine Nitrate is introduced as an anesthetic that may be used 

 with silver nitrate without fear of decomposition. 



Quininse et Urese Hydrochloridum U. S. P. (carbamidated 

 quinine dihydrochloride). This preparation occurs as white, odor- 

 less, bitter crystals or white powder, soluble in about one part of 

 water and freely soluble in alcohol. It contains 70 per cent, of 

 quinine alkaloid. The anesthetic properties of quinine were dis- 

 covered in using the drug hypodermically for malaria. It is used 



