APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE 227 



subcutaneously. If depression is dangerous anamonium carbonate 

 should be given for slow, and copper sulphate for prompt action. 



Summary. Apomorphine is the most powerful and reliable 

 emetic. It may be given subcutaneously and causes but little nausea. 

 It is useful in poisoning especially if there is difficulty in swallowing 

 or when the stomach is not in condition for a mechanical or irritant 

 material. It may not be effective in some cases of narcotic poisoning 

 on account of depression of the vomiting center and may cause con- 

 siderable depression in the aged or young. It is liable to deteriorate 

 if exposed to the light or air. 



Ipecac is safe and quite prompt. It is more depressant and not 

 so prompt as the minerals. It is especially indicated in the young to 

 unload the stomach or expel mucus from, the . air passages. The 

 syrup or wine are best for puppies and kittens. We have killed sev- 

 eral dogs with ipecac without producing emesis, consequently ipecac 

 cannot be considered a reliable emetic for these animals. 



Tartar Emetic. This has largely lost favor as an emetic on 

 account of its prolonged period of depression, nausea, etc. Almost 

 any other emetic is to be preferred. Used on robust animals only. 

 Swine (grs. xv — xxx) ; 1. — 2.; dogs, large (jss — jv 0.1 — 0.3 grs.). 

 Wine for dogs in 3j — iv doses. 



Zinc Sulphate. Chiefly in narcotic poisoning. Dose for dogs 

 10 to 30 grs. ; 0.6 — 2.0 repeated in 15 to 30 minutes if necessary. 



Copper Sulphate. More prompt and powerful than the previ- 

 ous. Dose for dogs 5 to 10 grains; 0.3 — 0.6. 



Alum. Powdered alum is safe but uncertain of action. Dram 

 doses may be given and repeated at intervals if necessary. 



Mustard. Mustard flour or ground mustard is prompt and quite 

 reliable. It is contraindicated in gastritis. Dose: Tablespoonful 

 in hot or luke warm water, repeat in 10 to 15 minutes if necessary. 



APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDUM 



This is an artificial alkaloid of morphine prepared by the abstrac- 

 tion of one molecule of water from the true alkaloid. It occurs as 

 minute grayish white, shining crystals, without odor, and having a 

 faintly bitter taste. One gram is soluble in 50 parts of water or 

 alcohol and acquires a greenish tint on exposiire to light and air. It 

 should therefore be kept in amber vials well stoppered. The U. S. P. 

 directs that it should be discarded if it imparts at once an emerald 

 green color to 100 parts of distilled water. Some authors claim that 

 the change i;i color is not detrimental to the drug. 



Doses. 



1. As an emetic for dogs : gr. %o — % ; 0.003 — 0.01 ; for cats : 

 gr. ^60— yso; 0.001—0.002. 



