330 HEMOSTATICS OR STYPTICS 



It is well known that the ordinary infusion solutions (physiological 

 salt solution, Einger's solution, Lock's solution) stay in the blood 

 vessels but a short time and consequently the improvement, which is 

 marked almost immediately, often wears off within an hour or so. 

 On the other hand it is known that colloidal solutions will remain in 

 the blood vessels for a considerable time. 



On account of the difficulty of transfusion of blood, injection of 

 blood serum, ascitic or hydrocele fluid, he sought a colloidal solu- 

 tion which might be used. His reports of experiments and actual 

 cases show that gelatin solutions may be used intravenously in shock 

 without danger and with very gratifying results. 



Therapeutics. Gelatin has proved very serviceable in both 

 internal and external hemon-hage and in shock. As a local remedy 

 it has proved very efficient in epistaxis, hemorrhoids, and oozing from 

 open wounds. It has been reported as beneficial in internal hemor- 

 rhage such as hemoptysis, hemophilia, hematuria, and enterorrhagia. 

 For local hemorrhages a 10 per cent, solution may be applied upon 

 tampon. The solutions should be sterilized and may have added to 

 them a small amount of phenol to prevent putrefaction. 



1. For Systemic Action. Gelatin may be given subcutane- 

 ously in doses of 15 to 45 grains for dogs or 2 drams to an ounce for 

 horses, in a 5 to 10 per cent, solution once or twice daily. It is 

 best administered in normal salt solution. A 10 per cent, solution 

 may be prepared by dissolving 1/4 ounces (50 gm.) of gelatin and 35 

 grains (2.5 gm.) of salt in a pint of water (500 mils). This should 

 be clarified and sterilized by the fractional method for three or four 

 consecutive days. A careful sterilization is necessary because tet- 

 anus often follows the subcutaneous use of gelatin. 



According to some authorities, gelatin will produce good re- 

 sults when administered per rectum as in the following manner: 

 A 6 per cent, solution of gelatin in normal salt solution, to which 

 a little opium may be added to prevent expulsion, is used. (The 

 opium is of questionable value at most.) The doses are for small 

 animals 1% ounces, and for large ones 10 ounces to one pint, warmed 

 to body temperature. This should be repeated after 4 or 5 hours if 

 there is still danger of hemorrhage. The bowels should of course be 

 first cleansed by an enema, preferably of boiled water. 



2. In Shock. Hogan recommends the following solutions, but 

 specifies that the gelatin must be fresh and of the highest quality : 



Twenty-five grams of the purest gelatin, 1.5 gm. of sodium chlor- 

 ide and 100 mils of distilled water are placed in a flask and boiled for 

 15 minutes. The resulting solution is filtered through heavy paper 

 in a hot funnel and then autoclaved for an hour at 124° C. It is 

 then chilled in an ice box. The gelatin has the proper colloidal 

 qualifications if it solidifies under these circumstances. It is to be 

 kept in this form until needed. In order to prepare the transfusion 



