MALLEIN 4.83 



injection. Usually two preinjection temperatures are taken at 2 

 and 4 hours previous to the injection, and in some places, a morning 

 temperature is required. The temperatures are resumed in from 6 

 to 10 hours after the injection and taken at regular intervals up to 

 the 18th hour following the injection or until the temperature re- 

 turns to normal. The reaction has been explained previously. 



Ophthalmic. This is carried out hy applying some tuberculin 

 to the conjunctival sac. The reaction consists of a conjunctivitis 

 which begins in cattle in from 5 to 10 hours with watering of the 

 eyes, redness of the conjunctiva and edema followed by a purulent 

 conjunctivitis. The reaction may persist for 1 or 2 days. 



Intradermal. In this method the tuberculin is injected into the 

 deeper layers of the skin, usually in one of the folds of the skin on 

 the under side of the base of the tail. The dose is 0.1^ — 0.2 mil. 

 The characteristic reaction is shown by a thickening of the fold of 

 skin or the appearance of a sensitive swelling at the site of the injec- 

 tion. The swelling can be recognized in from 6 to 12 hours and 

 continues to increase for 2 to 3 days. Haring recommends that the 

 observation be made at the 72nd hour if but one is made. 



MALLEIN 



Mallein is used in the diagnosis of glanders. It consists of the 

 glycerinated bouillon on which glanders bacteria have grown and in 

 which are the products resulting from their multiplication. (Moore. ) 

 It is used in two ways : 



Subcutaneous 

 Ophthalmic. 



Subcutaneous Method. The usual dose, 0.5 — 2 mils according 

 to concentration, is injected under the skin on the side of the neck. 

 The reaction consists of a hot painful swelling at the point of in- 

 jection which shows in a few hours and may increase in size for 

 24-36 hours. Simultaneously with the swelling, the patient becomes 

 dull, listless, has no appetite and is subject to tremors. This is known 

 as the " organic reaction." 



The temperature begins to rise in about 8 hours and gradually 

 rises to 1.5° or more above the normal, usually reaching the maximum 

 between the 10th and 12th hour, and does not return to normal from 

 24-48 hours or even longer. 



Ophthalmic Method. Mallein is applied to one eye of the animal. 

 The reaction begins in from 5 to 6 hours after the application and 

 persists for 36-48 hours longer. It consists of a suppurative con- 

 junctivitis. The results are interpreted as follows: Moore. 1. 

 Eeaction is positive if a suppurative secretion is observed in varying 

 quantities. If the secretion is present in only small quantities it is 



