MODERN DEVELOPMENTS 19 
per bird. This is due to the short period necessary to hold each 
individual before selling. 
The capon district, previously mentioned, is made up of thou- 
sands of general farms in the western part of central New Jersey. 
Each farmer raises yearly from one hundred to five hundred capons 
for the Philadelphia and New York markets. The birds are given 
free range throughout the entire period of their growth, and are 
allowed to roost in sheds or other outbuildings. The cost for 
feed is low, as grain farming is practised quite commonly and the 
birds have the run of the fields 
after harvest. The profit per 
bird under the existing condi- 
tions varies from one to two 
dollars. The practice of ca- 
ponizing is gaining rapidly in 
this section, owing to the suc- 
cess of those already engaged 
in this work. Fie. 19.—Incubatorcellar in the South Shore 
Modern Developments.— district, Mass., showing economical construc- 
Recent years have witnessed fon" G' Bacon cis in mortar. (Photo 
great changes in the poultry 
industry. The changes have been toward greater concentration 
and specialization. There are now many exclusive egg farms 
scattered over the more thickly populated sections. Many of 
them have from two thousand to fifteen thousand layers. This 
specialization has placed the poultry business upon a scientific 
basis. This development of special egg farms has brought about 
great improvements in methods of marketing. There is a closer 
relation between producer and consumer. This is largely accom- 
plished by guaranteeing a strictly fresh and clean product, for a 
definite price above regular wholesale quotations. This naturally 
leads to more care in marketing the products and an endeavor to 
meet market requirements as they are found in the various sections. 
The industry has taken on a very popular aspect, and many 
people who are engaged in occupations other than agriculture 
have gone into poultry raising in a small way. This popularity 
has .called for and has been met by rapid development in the 
facilities for poultry education at the various State colleges, and 
poultry departments have been established at many experiment 
stations (see Appendix). The work of experiment stations 
tends to make poultry raising an exact science. Many colleges 
