20 POULTRY FARMING 
offer short courses in poultry husbandry of from six to twelve 
weeks during the winter months, the time being devoted largely 
to lectures, demonstrations, and practical work (Fig. 20). These 
are of much value to the amateur who desires to become familiar 
with the details and requirements of the business, as well as to 
the practical poultryman who desires to become familiar with the 
most modern ideas pertaining to his occupation. 
Poultry Organizations——Among the greatest factors which 
are working for the improvement of the industry are the numer- 
ous organizations being formed in all sections. The majority 
were formerly organizations of fanciers, but the element of 
utility has more recently been included. Associations working 
Fic. 20.—A plant used for instruction and experimental work, New Jersey College of 
Agriculture. 
along both fancy and utility lines should do a great good. 
Organization for educational purposes alone is gaining ground 
every day. New Jersey, for example, has an association in 
each county and a State organization composed of delegates 
from each county association. Its main purposes are education 
and coéperation. 
Changes in Management.—Great changes have been made in 
the general management of the flocks themselves. The most 
prominent of these is the general substitution of dry-mash feeding 
for wet mash. Another change is the housing of birds in open or 
curtain-front, well-ventilated houses, in contrast to the old types 
of closed, warm houses. 
Publications.—The value of systematic advertising has be- 
come more fully recognized, as will be readily seen by an cxami- 
nation of the poultry press. This calls attention to another 
great development,—namely, that of poultry magazines and 
