TYPES OF POULTRYMEN 23 
business ability to be able to buy and sell intelligently. The 
financial return which should be expected from an exclusive type 
of poultry farming, as outlined, will be from fifteen to twenty-five 
per cent on the total investment. 
The Poultry Fancier.—The poultry fancier is a true specialist 
among specialists. He is a poultry raiser whose primary object 
is the improvement of his birds through breeding and selection. 
His efforts are usually directed towards improvement in color 
and body type or shape. The fancier invests both his time and 
his money in the work. A heavy investment in equipment is 
necessary, and an especially large reserve or working cash capital 
is needed, as the returns are concentrated in a few months of the 
year, but are heavy while they last. One of the heavy operating 
expenses of the fancy plant is the high wages which are paid to 
high-class labor. Advertising expenses are another heavy oper- 
ating charge. , 
Success as a breeder of fancy and show-winning birds depends 
on the following factors: Getting well established and promi- 
nently before the buying public, winning at shows and an abund- 
ance of advertising, a practical knowledge of the laws of breeding, 
a well-developed or permanent ideal or standard towards which 
to breed, and care in mating. 
The fancier must be a good salesman, for he must sell a superior 
article for a high price in competition with low-priced goods. He 
must have a congenial and winning personality. A neat and 
attractive farm is a big advantage in this phase of the work. 
Financial returns to the poultry fancier are large if once he gets 
well established and is well known as a breeder of winning birds. 
The Poultry Financier.—By the poultry financier is meant a 
very small class of persons connected with the poultry business 
who invest money only in a poultry farm and hire a manager to 
operate same. Such persons usually have a very limited poultry 
training, and success depends upon their ability to choose a well- 
trained and capable man to supervise the work. The danger 
which has been most apparent with investments of this kind is 
poor management. This has been especially apparent in the 
management for egg production and in hatching and rearing. 
Failure is most often caused by neglect of details. Poor results 
are often attained in distribution or marketing, due to the lack 
of personality. There is a class of wealthy persons who invest 
considerable sums to build up poultry farms primarily as a hobby 
