MAINTENANCE 167 
such purposes. When it is desired to construct wider gates to allow 
a two-horse team to pass through, it is better to have them con- 
structed in two parts, opening in the centre and swinging each way. 
Double strap hinges should be used; T-hinges are apt to pull 
out. Strap hinges will allow of some latitude in lining up the gate 
to make it swing true. The gate should be hung so that when it 
is allowed to swing free it will spring shut. All gates should be 
provided with some method of fastening, such as hooks, latches, 
or springs. Gates should be hung high enough above the ground 
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Fig. 112.—Types of gate construction. A, Best type, 1 x 6 inch white pine is used; 
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to give ample allowance for swinging. It is sometimes well to 
place a 6-inch or 8-inch base board between the ground and the 
bottom of the gate, allowing the gate to hang when shut just clear 
of this board. If wheelbarrows or wagons are to pass through, 
the base board is omitted. 
' Maintenance.—Poultry fences constitute a heavy first cost, 
and the depreciation is great. They are a constant item of expense, 
and should be looked after constantly. Any broken hinges or 
hooks, torn wire, rotting posts, or other defects should be imme- 
diately repaired. Torn places in the fence can be easily mended 
by weaving new wire over the opening. In making such repairs 
or when building the fence, care should be used to allow no long 
