198 FEEDING STUFFS 
adulterated material can easily be detected. Clean alfalfa hay is 
bright green in color and has the true alfalfa smell. 
Cut timothy is often used as an adulterant, and this can easily 
be detected by the large amount of yellow or brown material pres- 
ent; this adulteration cannot easily be detected in fine-ground or 
meal form. 
TaBLeE IX.—Composition of Hays and Grasses. 
(Total ingredients are given, regardless of their digestibility.) 
Carbo- Fat. 
Water. Ash. Protein. | Fibre. hydrates. 
Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent. | Per cent.| Per cent. | Per cent. 
Alfalfa (green).......... 80.00 | 1.80 4.90 4.70 7.90 07 
Alfalfa (dry)............] 11.90 | 7.138 | 14.12 | 27.09 | 37.34 | 2.42 
Clover (green).......... 70.80 | 2.10 4.40 8.10 | 13.50 | 1.10 
Clover (dry)............ 10.00 | 8.10 | 16.32 | 17.84 | 45.99 | 1.75 
Lawn clippings (green)...| 76.40 | 2.40 2.30 4.10 | 13.80 1.00 
Lawn clippings (dry)....| 15.30 | 5.50 7.40 | 27.20 | 42.10 } 2.50 
Barley (green)..... ore 76.00 | 7.30 2.71 6.90 7.00 .09 
Peas and oats (green)... .| 80.50 1.74 2.90 6 00 8.80 .06 
The green crops which are raised for poultry feeding most 
extensively are alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, cereals, and buckwheat. 
All green succulent grasses are desirable, and the one which grows 
best during a given month should be ready at that time. Legumes 
are most desirable for feed, as they contain considerable protein 
and produce a heavy yield. A small alfalfa field should be run 
in connection with every poultry plant, and will allow from three 
to six cuttings of the same field during the season, supplying a 
continuous source of green feed. 
Vegetables.—A valuable property of vegetables in poultry 
feeding is the amount of water they contain. They make very 
desirable succulent feed where they can be grown successfully. 
Fresh, leafy vegetables can be used for only a short time, as they 
wilt and spoil quickly. Some of the root crops, such as mangels 
and beets, maintain their succulent condition for a long time, and 
will furnish succulence well through the winter if properly stored. 
The leading vegetable crops found most useful in supplying 
succulence, during certain seasons of the year, are considered here. 
It is rather hard to keep vegetable crops in storage for any con- 
siderable time during the winter without a special place, as in an 
underground root cellar. They are often used up soon after their 
natural season to prevent loss in storage. 
