BREEDING FOR EGG PRODUCTION 257 
In the young, growing chick common signs of low vitality 
are stunted growth, accompanied by slow feathering and a 
pronounced crow-like beak, drooping wings and head, and a low, 
squatting walk. 
The strong bird at any age should have a bright prominent 
eye, a well-developed, blocky body, bright plumage, and erect car- 
riage, bright comb and wattles, and should be active and sprightly 
in movement. 
It is evident that there is a relation between the physical 
characteristics of fowls and their vitality; hence it should be the 
Fic. 129.—Showing the wedge or angular shape which is so common in good layers. 
The heavy development toward the back may be seen from side, front, and rear. 
rule systematically to select for constitutional vigor at all ages 
and for all purposes. 
Egg Type.—The development of an ideal body type, and the 
constant selection of breeders which resemble or approach. that 
type, will aid greatly in developing a uniform flock; and, if the 
features which go to make up this type are those associated with 
heavy egg production, it may be termed an egg type. 
While it has not been proved that there is any definite relation 
between a certain type as a whole and egg production, yet the 
following features are associated with the possibility of heavy 
production: 
In discussing type, the mistake must not be made of disre- 
garding the breed shape or type, for it can readily be seen that 
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