296 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FOWL 
The Digestive Organs.—The digestive system is one of the 
most complex combinations of organs in the bird’s body (Fig. 142). 
After Wheeler, 
GYVOP Hr rQhAaoe g 
Tongue 
upper bill removed 
Esophagus 
Crop 
Lsophagus 
True stomach 
Gizzarad 
Duodenum 
Small intestine 
Caeca 
Rectum 
Cloaca 
Liver 
Spleen 
Gall bladder 
Pancreas 
Fiq, 142.—The digestive tract. 
Teeth, though found in prehistoric birds, are wanting in birds of 
the present time. 
The digestive organs of domestic fowls are as 
