ILLUSTRATIONS 



A valley in Alsace-Lorraine Frontispiece 



Fig. Page 



1 Rainfall and summer temperatures 26 



2 The richest silver fir (with spruce) stands in France are found in the State 



forest of La Joux (Jura) 32 



3 Larch and cembric pine in the Canton of Melezet, communal forest of Villaro- 



din-Bourget 33 



4 (o) The communal forest of Manigod (Haute-Savoie) 39 



4 (6) The communal forest of Gets 39 



5 Distribution of six important forest trees 42 



6 (o to /) State forest of Hez-Froidmont 58-59 



7 (o) Natural regeneration of spruce 85 



7 (6) Spruce stand in the Melezet Canton, commimal forest of Villarodin- 



Bourget 85 



8 Pure larch in the communal forest of Tignes 90 



9 (a) Pole stand of spruce in the communal forest of Beaufort 109 



9 (6) Spruce and fir in the Canton du Mont, communal forest of Thones-Ville . . 109 



10 (a) Costly system of dams to prevent erosion in the bed of a French torrrait . . 154 



10 (6) An expensive masonry dam, Gave de Pau (Hautes-Pjr^ndes) 154 



10 (c) Log and dry stone dams to prevent erosion at Var-Moyen (Alpes-Mari- 



times) 155 



10 (d) Wattle work' on small side gullies and masonry dam in main ravine in 



Ubaye area (Basses-Alpes) 155 



11 (a) Retaining walls on a hillside that had been slipping down 159 



11 (6) Walls to prevent avalanches with an inspection trail in the foreground ... 159 



11 (c) Walls to prevent avalanches 159 



12 Paved drains at Bastan (Hautes-Pyr6n6es) 161 



13 (a) Wattle work in a ravine in the Verdon-Sup6rieur (Basses-Alpes) area .... 163 



13 (b) Bed of small ravine stabilized by wattle work 163 



14 (o) The Rata ravine at Ubaye (Basses-Alpes) after the reclamation work was 



finished 166 



14 (6) A mountain village in the Pyrdn^es menaced by erosion 166 



14 (c) Preventing further erosion by larch plantations in Ubaye area (Basses- 



Alpes) 166 



15 Protection dune at Lacanau-0c6an in State forest of Lacanau (Gironde) .... 171 



16 Barrel price of turpentine at Bordeaux 185 



17 (a) Maritime pine 57 years old during improvement felling 194 



17 (6) Small tree being tapped to death prior to utilization for mine props 194 



18 French turpentine tools 197 



19 (o and 6) Examples of stand graphics 216-217 



20 (a and b) Growing stock compared with present stock and with the normal 



stand 257 



21 A graded trail, which serves as a compartment boundary, and which can be used 



by tourists 291 



xi 



