EROSION AND PRECIPITATION 



147 



State included money or seed and plants, the plants having been esti- 

 mated below their actual value. 



TABLE 15.— SUMMARY OF FORESTATION BY COMMUNES, 1860-1909 



Departments 



Alpes 



Cfivennes and Central 

 Plateau 



Pyr6n6es 



Miscellaneous depart- 

 ments 



Total 



Area 

 refor- 

 ested, 



acres 



66,539 



48,169 

 9,479 



9,877 



134,064 



Amount spent 



By the com- 

 munes 



$159,428.48 



65,813.81 

 35,843.09 



58,603.74 



$309,689.12 



By the 

 departments 



$151,217.76 



123,803.13 

 44,164.76 



18,830.41 



$338,016.06 



By the State 



$349,176.16 



271,501.52 

 106,814.37 



58,797.41 



$786,289.46 



Total expense 



$659,822.40 



451,118.43 

 186,822.20 



136,231.56 



$1,433,994.59 



Most of the forestation work done by individuals (see Table 16) during 

 the period from 1860 to 1909 was paid for by the individuals. The de- 

 partments assisted them to the extent of 5.3 per cent of the total expense 



TABLE 16.— SUMMARY OF FORESTATION BY INDIVIDUALS, 1860-1909 



Departments 



Alpes 



Cevennes and Central 

 Plateau 



Pyrenees 



Miscellaneous depart- 

 ments 



Total 



Area 

 refor- 



13,092 



107,442 



7,887 



3,967 



132,388 



Amount spent 



By in- 

 dividuals 



$72,862.02 



383,435.79 

 54,011.72 



17,051.47 



$527,361.00 



By the 

 departments 



$4,151.09 



42,427.33 

 1,987.90 



115.80 



$48,682.12 



By the State 



$27,286.33 



270,860.93 

 24,543.67 



13,847.72 



$336,538.65 



Total expense 



$104,299.44 



696,724,05 

 80,643.29 



31,015.00 



$912,581.78 



and the State 36.9 per cent, leaving 57.8 per cent to be paid for by indi- 

 viduals — a total amount of $912,581.78 spent to reforest 132,388 acres, 

 or a cost of $6.89 per acre.* 



THE DAMAGE 

 Erosion and Precipitation. — It has already been pointed out (see p. 141 ) 

 that the rainfall is heavier in the mountains than in the plains, and that 



* In addition to expenditures for reforestation, allotments during the 10 years from 

 1899 to 1909 for the improvement of grazing amounted to $110,440. These figures 

 show the enormous damage that has resulted from deforestation (mostly due to over- 

 grazing) in the mountains of France, which should serve as a warning to all other coun- 

 tries where abuse of forest or grazing lands is in its infancy. 



